The War of the Triple Alliance >You seem to disparage an interest in a war Paxton implies was in some way >formative - and perhaps inuring against Fascism . . . although I don't think >I understand Paxton on this point. From Wikipedia _http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Triple_Alliance_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Triple_Alliance) I read of >British economic interests in the region, >The war would lead to the modernization of Argentina. After the war, that country quickly >became South America's wealthiest nation, --- and the Speranzas would never have emigrated to South America if Argentina had _lost_ the Paraguayan War -- So there. I woud be splashing at the Swimming Pool in Villa Speranza, Bordighera. :) After the war, >Argentina annexed part of Paraguayan territory and became the strongest of the River Plate >countries. But personally I could care less. For me regions are what matters. I'm a River Plate basin person, and cannot really identify with another part of the country as the Paraguayan border. They do speak like Shakespeare up there. As I say, I cannot think of it as very formative, as it involved three separate nations. We never had much affinity with Brazil, and Uruguay we feel as traitors for becoming an independent state. So it's not a war with a commonground base, it seems -- and unfair in that three different nations are aimed at destroying just _one_. But you are right that Peron reinstated fascism -- which I read, is from the root that gives us 'fascinating', a rather 'gay' word -- in the sense of 'gay' meaning 'exuberant' or something. While Peron was of Buenos Aires (and ultimately Spanish) stock -- he was born in the middle of the Province of Buenos Aires -- once he got into the Army School, he was 'trained' in Germanic 'art of war' manuals -- as was the wont then. He belonged to the GOP, and later he found the affinity with what Mussolini was doing in Italy. In Argentina, however, the thing cannot be explained _ethnically_ -- as with Mussolini and Hitler aiming at the purity of the Aryan race. Peron derogatorily referred to the people from outside Buenos Aires province (town and country) as 'cabecitas negras' -- black heads --. The meaning of which is still unclear to me. There is a little bird called 'cabecita negra', which is like a finch, yellow in body and black in head. Peron would use the phrase from the balcony, from where what he could see of the 'banal masses' (scare intended, hence quotes) were their heads of hair. The _fasces_ I'm never sure what they were, but the Romans used them, I believe, as every graduate with Honours from the Great at Lit. Hum. should know! I wouldn't compare the Triple Alliance War (a rather artificial grouping possibly motivated by UK -- The Baring Brothers subsidized Brazil, I read) with the American Civil War. We did have Civil Wars of our own. Our Civil War is something that as residents of Buenos Aires (town and country) we experience every day (its results). It was the war that eventually will turn Buenos Aires the capital of the whole NATION rather than just ARGENTINA. This brought many changes, like the establishment in Buenos Aires of buildings and bureaucrats to represent EACH of the Argentine states that had nothing to do with the River Plate basin. I have met some of these representatives and it's SAD to see someone from the middle of the _other_ side of the country (say your Oregon) having _moved_ permanently to, say, Washington, living the life of a big bureaucrat, and thinking he is doing something for Oregon. One good thing of that Civil war between UNIONISTS (or "unitarians") and FEDERALS was that the Province of Buenos Aires became the bastion and relic of a pastoral past -- the gaucho land, the uninhibited plains, the cult of the horse -- and all that makes Buenos Aires great. (Whereas the town itself is smoky, overpopulated, and as Pericles said of Athens -- "full of foreigners" (xenoi), by which he did not mean 'barbarians' (a share of which we do have) but plain outsiders (For Pericles, someone from Macedonia, Beocia, Peloponnese, etc). I suppose the same feeling in London -- although not a consequence of their rather silly Civil war with roundheads and cavaliers --, where everyone can claim she is a "Londoner", while you have to prove ancestral something to say you are, say, "a Yorkshireman". Cheers, JL ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com