A character in a James Joyce's novel said that, "History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake." . . . By becoming conscious of the unconscious fantasies that generate collective violence, is it possible to awakening from the nightmare of history? ____ It's Stephen Dedalus talking to the ad guy in the Nestor section of Ulysses. The guy he addresses there is always putting forth slogans of uncertain value. So to avoid Stephen's fate, perhaps you could clarify what you mean by "unconscious fantasies," and discuss how they generate "collective violence"? Joyce himself referred to history as "the here we go again show," so what would characterize an awakening from it? How would we know we were awake and not merely having another part of the nightmare where the dreamer imagines he or she is awake? Eric NYC ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html