Hi, Here's a management type of question for those in the working world... What's the best way to measure 'motivation' if one of your goals is to 'motivate those who work for you'? Retention? (what if they are 'Gen X' esp and tend to hop around...just because?) What if your company/organization does not provide you with cash incentives or a way to provide for promotions? Is it realistic to be able to measure how well you have motivated a team for a year (or so--not just project related) by length of time working for you/them if you are not able to reward appropriately? Which is-what? Is that something different for each person? Does it all come down to money? What else might cause positive motivation to occur besides monetary or positional gain? Best, Marlena who, when thinking of a PhD in Management and Leadership (a new PhD program for librarians at Simmons College-and it would not just be fun but practical) began chatting with a sibling who is thinking of a PhD program in somewhat similar vein but at Univ of Maryland...and then ended up pondering situations when you are out of control of which direct 'carrots' have traditionally worked for motivating others...