You wrote: the difference between appearance and reality has been contested for centuries. To say that andy amago was in= fact subscribed beyond all doubt would be to accept the view that there is a way= to penetrate the veil of apperances (or, as one of John Wager's students might= have said, the 'Vale of Appearances') and see the world as it is, not as it seem= s. I wrote: Further complicating the appearances/reality debate is the new re= search since the late 1990's that allows for functional MRI's of the brain.= They are being used in the study of sleep and dreaming, areas as unknown = to us as death, but slowly revealing some of their secrets. In today's com= puter driven metaphors, it turns out that dreams are less the Freudian, Jun= gian symbols formerly thought (although that has not been dismissed) and po= ssibly more the "off line processing" that saves information to the brain's= hard drive, as it were. Dreams are also now thought to be rehearsals of,= ways to cope with, waking reality. In some of the dream experiments rats = were run through a maze while connected to MRI equipment. MRI images take= n while they were dreaming showed the rats running exactly the same mazes i= n their REM sleep, pinpointed to the exact same timing and place, as they r= an during the day. Curiously, too, babies in the womb dream, and they hav= e no reality to refer to at all. Geez, maybe I should go back to bed, count some epistemological one-sided s= heep. A.A. Robert Paul No more teachers, no more books at Mutton College ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html