On 2004/04/30, at 12:38, Omar Kusturica wrote: > Indeed. What would be the example of such a state, > anyway ? No perfect example exists. One can easily point to exceptions that demonstrate that the boundaries at which people draw the line have been shifted but not eliminated; the French ruling forbidding Muslim girls to wear headscarves to school comes to mind. So do the activities of reactionary political movements that harken back to idealized ethnically, religiously, or what-have-you "purer" forms of national identity. Still, the Europeans who slaughtered each other in the name of religion during the Thirty-Years War and, again, in the name of nationalist ideologies during WWI and WWII have become a good deal less obsessive in these regards. Ditto for most Japanese. To use a Japanese example, a country in which right-wing fanatics not only venerated the Emperor but controlled the government and launched wars in the Emperor's name has come along way when the right-wing fanatics sound cars still blare their messages outside of train stations but the crowd proceeds on its indifferent way, to go to work, to get home, to purchase another Vuitton bag, drink another Starbucks coffee, or decide which of the numerous ethnic cuisines on offer in the station's restaurants will hit the spot for dinner. John L. McCreery The Word Works, Ltd. 55-13-202 Miyagaya, Nishi-ku Yokohama, Japan 220-0006 Tel 81-45-314-9324 Email mccreery@xxxxxxx "Making Symbols is Our Business" ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html