Neville said, The reason that the astronauts would have to have referred to the stars is that they would have to constantly take bearings on fixed objects. In the geocentric case, the only thing fixed is the World, which would not facilitate their travelling to the Moon. Such navigational aids are required in both scenarios, because the Moon is a moving target in both (as the World is in a heliocentric system). Neville isn't it a matter of relative motions. NASA could, (someone said that they do) nasa could use the geocentric model for calculations. In the eath moon system, true relative motions are observable. The moon distance and thus its orbit could be calculated by Radar or any radio signal bounced off the moon surface. Knowing these surely they could match a missiles speed to that of the moon, thus avoiding the cataclysm you propose. Isn't it the same as two ships within observation of each other in a flowing sea, and on course navigating to come together without recourse to stars or any other fixed object? Philip.