Philip M From philip madsen Sat Jul 7 20:35:53 2007 Joule = watt is also the unit of "power" When is energy converted? Is it converted? When I place a bottle of beer in the freezer, don't I extract the heat energy, and warm up the room? Yet the bottle bursts with enormous force ... end quote. 1 Joule = 1 WattSecond. Don't know the answer to the beer bottle though. Use vodker instead -- it doesn't freeze and the problem(s!) go(es) away! Concerning bouyancy and why does warm air with included water vapour rise and where does the energy come from. How about this -- the energy from the Sun heats the air/water in contact with the ground etc which expands (I'd guess it does work pushing the cooler air aside) and the -- relatively -- unheated air above being heavier just sinks due to gravity, the energy coming from the higher potential due to altitude. A bit like tying a baloon to a fixed source of compressed air at the bottom of a tank of water. Blow it up, stop when it's less than full (depth matters here) then when everything stops moving, release it. The water has more potential energy than the baloon due to both density and height and it just bullies that little old baloon out of the way and occupies the volume vacated. Do I get a gold star? Paul D Send instant messages to your online friends http://au.messenger.yahoo.com