Ah, you beat me to it Kev. I was just going to add that although solar or wind turbines are 'cleaner' - they must be manufactured, which requires raw materials and energy (most likely from a commercial supplier). They will also need disposing off after their working life. The only really clean way I can think of, is to use a direct-drive water wheel, but then you have the problem of converting the energy for appropriate application. -----Original Message----- From: Kevin Ison [mailto:kevin@xxxxxxxxx] Sent: 15 March 2007 15:07 To: eekosmembers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [eekosmembers] Re: Wood fired water heater plans required Hi Don, Wood is the best as long as you replant to absorb the carbon let off in fire. Coal and oil is wood, just takes a few million years to "grow", so wood only take 10 - 50, so much better. Basically you can grow wood, but you can't grow coal and oil to absorb the carbon given off. some info below. Overview - http://www.wood-fuel.org.uk/why.htm "As a source of renewable energy wood fuel has huge environmental benefits. However, care must be taken to ensure that no unnecessary emissions are released into the atmosphere and that carbon monoxide does not build up in the home." Environment - http://www.nef.org.uk/logpile/sustainability/environment.htm all pollutants etc - http://www.nef.org.uk/logpile/woodfuel/emissions.htm