Hi, Sue. Reading your note, I realize I did it again. You wrote em and en in capital letters. Actually, it's the lower-case em and en that cause the difference--another instance in which I didn't make myself clear or made assumptions. If you remember your lessons, you'll know what I mean. The em dash is the width of a piece of lower-case em type and the en dash the equivalent of a lower-case en piece of type. I cannot see the difference between that and a regular hyphen, but there might be a minute difference in the actual type pieces. Cindy --- siss52 <siss52@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > Hi Cindy, > > That was really interesting! I haven't had sight > but we were required to > learn how to write print with a pencil when I was in > school, so I know what > you mean about the letters M and N. I can only > imagine how much time it > must have taken to set type! > > Sue S. > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Grandma Cindy" <popularplace@xxxxxxxxx> > To: <bksvol-discuss@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> > Sent: Thursday, October 25, 2007 4:39 PM > Subject: [bksvol-discuss] The Em-Dash in print > > > Sue et all. > > Yes, in print the em dash is twice as long as hyphen > or plain dash. It comes from the days when print was > physically set by printers, i.e., people, into big > printers. I don't know if you've ever had sight, so > I > don't know if you've ever seen the difference > between > the letter em and the letter en--the former has two > sort of loops or humps and the latter has one. > That's > why an en dash is shorter than an em dash. > > I once had an opportunity to work with a real > printer, meaning the machine, and to set type. When > I > was in library school there was still on in the > basement. I set type for my Christmas cards on > it--great fun but time-consuming. > > Anyway, in the olden days--and perhaps those of you > who had sight at one time have seen pictures of > old-time printers and their machines--there were > trays > of letters and punctuation marks of various fonts. > The > typesetter, a person, would select the letters from > the trays, and an em dash or a hyphen as needed, and > put them onto a sort of hollow wide horizontal stick > called a composing stick (I looked that up). I can't > remember know how that was carried or put onto the > printing press--maybe the sticks themselves were > taken > off the carrying handle and set into the press. > Then, > as I recall, once all the type was set into the > press > it was inked and paper was put onto rollers and > rolled > over the type to create newspapers, etc. > > Unfortunately, it was many years ago that I made my > cards, and the illustrations of Ben Franklin and > other > printers in action don't show much action. I've done > a > little googling to see if I could get a better > description but so far haven't been able to and > don't > want to spent any more time looking. > > Anyway, all that's probably more than any of you > wanted to know. I probably should have stopped after > my first sentence in answer to Sue's question. sigh > > Cindy > > --- siss52 <siss52@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > > > > Hi All, > > > > Evan, I am beginning to feel ambivalence about > this > > cottin pickin' em-dash > > as well. For me it doesn't matter. I mean, I am > a > > Braille reader and this > > dash seems to translate into one dash or hyphen on > > bookshare.org. So I have > > a question. <big sigh> In print, does the > em-dash > > look a lot different > > from a double dash or two hyphens? On my Braille > > display when I validate a > > file in Word, it looks like a capital hyphen. My > > display is an 8-dot cell, > > and that is how it looks. So I am wondering how > it > > looks in print. Also, > > what does a Daisy speech file say if someone wants > > to know? > > > > Sorry to bring this up, but it is my concern for > > students that set me off. > > <lol> A student should know the difference in the > > single hyphen that is > > used for compound words and a dash which, in > Braille > > Grade II, is a double > > hyphen. I usually validate fiction, but still, I > am > > concerned. > > > > Sue S. > > > > > __________________________________________________ > Do You Yahoo!? > Tired of spam? Yahoo! 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