... forwarding this: ================ From: George Wrisley <gwrisley3@xxxxxxxxx> To: wittrsamr@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Content-type: text/plain Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit I don't believe David G. Stern mentions Shawver, but Stern does have a three voices approach to Wittgenstein in the Investigations. Stern's book is here<http://www.amazon.com/Wittgensteins-Philosophical-Investigations-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0521814421/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1303731416&sr=1-2>. And here is what I wrote in my short review of it: Another helpful thing that Stern does is to distinguish between three different voices in the Investigations as opposed to the usual two, namely, Wittgenstein and his interlocutor. Stern argues that there is Wittgenstein's narrator, an interlocutory voice, and a third voice, a commentator, who "provides an ironic commentary on [the exchanges of the narrator and interlocutory voice], a commentary consisting partly of objections to assumptions the debaters take for granted, and partly of platitudes about language and everyday life they have both overlooked" (Stern, 2004, p22). According to Stern, none of the voices can unproblematically be taken as Wittgenstein's own, though what he calls the narrator and the commentator voices are typically taken by other writers to express Wittgenstein's own views (by contrast, Stern understands the commentator to come closest to Wittgenstein's own views) (Stern, 2004, pp.22-23). I hope this helps. Best, George