[telescoperos] Press Releases August 2007 - Sent Using Google Toolbar
- From: "Francisco Molina" <expressform@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: telescoperos@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2007 10:45:39 -0400
*Press Releases August
2007*<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Releases_0807.htm>
[image: Press Releases August 2007]
*Lucky Home Page: Click
Here<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/index.htm>
* Press Releases
There are two available. The University of Cambridge one available
here<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Releases_0807.htm#Univ>and
a more detailed one
here<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Releases_0807.htm#Sharpest>that
gives more detailed technical information and more support
information. That is followed by the Caltech Press release put out on the
same day
here<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Releases_0807.htm#Caltech>
.
*********************************************************************************************************************
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE PRESS RELEASE DATE: 3 September 2007 *"Lucky
Camera" takes sharpest ever images of stars* *(and it's 50,000 times cheaper
than Hubble)*
Standard Telescope View "Lucky Camera" View
A team of astronomers have taken pictures of the stars that are sharper
than anything produced by the Hubble telescope, at 50 thousandths of the
cost.
The researchers, from the University of Cambridge and the California
Institute of Technology (Caltech), used a technique called "Lucky Imaging"
to take the most detailed pictures of stars and nebulae ever produced –
using a camera based on the ground.
Images from ground-based telescopes are usually blurred by the Earth's
atmosphere - the same effect that makes the stars appear to twinkle when we
look at them with the naked eye.
The Cambridge/Caltech team, however, surpassed the quality of images taken
from space by using a high-speed camera to take numerous images of the same
stars at a rate of 20 frames per second. Because of fluctuations in the
atmosphere, some of these were less smeared than others. The team then used
computer software to choose the best images, and these were combined to
create pictures far sharper than anything that has been taken from space.
Dr Craig Mackay, from the Institute of Astronomy at the University of
Cambridge, who led the research, said: "To produce images sharper than
Hubble from the ground is a remarkable achievement by anyone's standards.
"These are the sharpest images ever taken either from the ground or from
space and yet we are essentially using 'Blue Peter' technology. Amateur
Lucky Imaging is popular because the technique is so cheap and effective.
The low cost means that we could apply the process to telescopes all over
the world."
The Lucky Imaging technique was first mooted in the late 1970s and has r
enabled the discovery of many multiple star systems which are too close
together and too faint to find with any standard telescope.
Their pictures of the globular star cluster M13, which is 25,000 light
years away, are so detailed that they were able to find stars as little as
one light day apart. The images of the Cat's Eye Nebula (pictured), were so
fine that they could pick out details separated by only a few light hours.
The work was carried out on Mount Palomar, California, using the 200-inch
telescope at the Palomar Observatory. Like all other ground-based
telescopes, the images this produces are typically 10 times less detailed
than those produced by Hubble. Using the Lucky Camera, however, it was
possible to obtain images that are twice as sharp as those of the space
telescope.
The technique could now be used to improve much larger telescopes such as
those at the European Southern Observatory in Chile, or the Keck telescopes
in the top of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. This has the potential to produce even
sharper images.
"The images space telescopes produce are of extremely high quality but they
are limited to the size of the telescope," Dr Mackay added. "Our techniques
can do very well when the telescope is bigger than Hubble and has
intrinsically better resolution."
ENDS
*For more information contact:*
Tom Kirk, Communications Office, University of Cambridge, Tel: 01223 332300,
mobile 07917 535815, Email: tdk25@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
* Dr Craig Mackay is happy to be contacted directly for interviews. *Tel:
01223 337543, mobile 07780 994853, Email: cdm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
* Images and film* taken using the Lucky Camera are also available.
* Notes for editors*
1. The Institute of Astronomy is a Department of the University of Cambridge
( http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/ ). It is one of the foremost astronomy
departments in the world with an unequalled record of scientific
publication. It is the home of the Astronomer Royal, President of the Royal
Society and Master of Trinity College, Lord Rees of Ludlow. The work of the
Institute covers a wide range of astronomical subjects from the formation of
planets and stars and galaxies up to the study of the cosmic microwave
background. The Director of the Institute of Astronomy is Professor George
Efstathoiu.
2. The Palomar Observatory is owned and operated by the California
Institute of Technology (Caltech). It is located in Southern California
about one hour drive from San Diego at an altitude of about 5500 feet (1650
m). The Palomar 200 inch telescope was constructed before and after the
Second World War and opened in the late 1940s. For many years it was the
largest telescope in the world.
***********************************************************************************************
*Sharpest Ever Pictures of the Heavens* *Press Release: 3 September 2007*
British astronomers from the University of Cambridge and the California
Institute of Technology (Caltech) have developed a new camera that gives
much more detailed pictures of stars and nebula than even the Hubble Space
Telescope, and it does all this from the ground.
Images from ground-based telescopes are invariably blurred out by the
atmosphere. Astronomers have tried to develop techniques to correct the
blurring called adaptive optics but so far they only work successfully in
the infrared where the smearing is greatly reduced. However a new
noise-free, high-speed camera has been developed at the Institute of
Astronomy in Cambridge which at last makes very high resolution imaging in
the visible possible.
The camera works by recording the images produced by an adaptive optics
front-end at high speed (20 frames per second or more). Software then
checks each one to pick the sharpest ones. Many are still quite
significantly smeared but a good percentage are unaffected. These are
combined to produce the image that astronomers want. We call the technique
"Lucky Imaging" because it depends on the chance fluctuations in the
atmosphere sorting themselves out.
This work was carried out on Mount Palomar with their 200 inch (5.1 m)
telescope. Like all other ground-based telescopes, the images it normally
produces are typically 10 times less detailed than those of the Hubble Space
Telescope. Their adaptive optic system works well in the infrared but up to
now gives images in the visible that are still markedly poorer than Hubble
images. With the Lucky Camera we obtain images that are twice as sharp as
those produced by the Hubble Space Telescope, a remarkable achievement.
These are the sharpest images ever taken in the visible either from the
ground or from space. To get sharper pictures you have to use an even
bigger telescope.
It opens up the possibility of further improvements on even larger
telescopes such as the 8.2 m Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European
Southern Observatory in Chile or the 10 m Keck telescopes on the top of
Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
Most astronomical objects are so far away that astronomers are desperate to
see more and more detail within them. Lucky Imaging techniques have already
enabled the discovery of many multiple star systems which are too close
together and too faint to find with any standard telescope. The pictures
(attached) of the globular star cluster M13 which is at a distance of 25,000
light years are able to find stars as little as one light day apart. The
nearest star to earth is over three light years away.
We can also see very fine detail in objects such as the Cat's Eye Nebula
(NGC6543). It is eight times closer to earth than M13 so we can resolve
filaments that are only a few light hours across.
******************************************************************
*Background information:* * 1. Pictures Taken in July 2007 on the
Palomar 200 Inch Telescope.*
The first picture attached here shows what an image of the centre of the
globular cluster is usually like on the Palomar 200 inch telescope in the
visible. All these images cover a tiny area, only 10 x 10 arcseconds,
smaller than the apparent width of a human hair held at full stretch of your
arm. The second shows how much more detail we see with the Lucky Camera
attached to the adaptive optic system on that telescope. It is much clearer
and sharper than the Hubble Space Telescope picture of the same piece of
sky. The next pair of images show the same comparison, but with images of
the Cat's Eye Nebula, NGC6543. Here the green light is oxygen emission, the
red is hydrogen emission, and the blue is near-infrared radiation.
There is also a small amount of video material of limited quality
available.
* ** 2. High-speed Noiseless CCD Camera New British Invention.*
This technique has only been possible because of a new kind of CCD camera
chip developed by British company, E2V Technologies of Chelmsford
(http://www.e2v.com/home.cfm). Normally cameras have a residual noise
even in the absence of light
which greatly limits how faint you can see. This new camera chip is so
sensitive that it can detect individual particles of light called photons
even when running at high speed. It is this extraordinary sensitivity that
makes these detectors so attractive for astronomers. Engineers at Cambridge
University have built some of these detectors into their astronomical
cameras to make the Lucky Camera work so well.
* 3. Lucky Imaging*
* * Lucky Imaging is a technique that has been developed at the Institute of
Astronomy in Cambridge. There are more details and many more pictures
available on the Lucky Imaging Website which may be found at:
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/index.htm
* 4. The Institute of Astronomy.*
The Institute of Astronomy is a Department of the University of
Cambridge (http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/). It is one of the foremost
astronomy departments in the world with an
unequalled record of scientific publication. It is the home of the
Astronomer Royal, President of the Royal Society and Master of Trinity
College, Lord Rees of Ludlow. The work of the Institute covers a wide range
of astronomical subjects from the formation of planets and stars and
galaxies up to the study of the cosmic microwave background. The Director
of the Institute of Astronomy is Professor George Efstathoiu. *
*
*5. Palomar Observatory and the 200 Inch Telescope.*
The Palomar Observatory is owned and operated by the California Institute
of Technology (Caltech). It is located in Southern California about one
hour drive from San Diego at an altitude of about 5500 feet (1650 m). The
Palomar 200 inch telescope was constructed before and after the Second World
War and opened in the late 1940s. For many years it was the largest
telescope in the world. Today the quality of its mirror is significantly
poorer than those of more modern telescopes, and this made the present study
even harder.
*7. Pictures of the Palomar 200 Inch Telescope.*
These can be found on the Caltech Astronomy website at:
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/hale.html . There are lots of pictures
there but do not be distracted by the ones that have a yellow beam coming
out of the telescope. This is not part of the present technique -- it is
another story entirely!
*8. Pictures of the Hubble Space Telescope.*
There are vast numbers of beautiful pictures available from:
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/spacecraft/
*9. Pictures of the European Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile and
the Keck Telescope in Hawaii*
There are a few pretty pictures of the Paranal site of the VLT, a group of
four telescopes each 7.5 m in diameter in northern Chile where the VLT is
situated at: http://www.eso.org/esopia/images/archive/subtopic/paranal/ .
There are some images of the Keck 10 meter telescope on the summit of Mauna
Kea in Hawaii at: http://www.keckobservatory.org/view_album.php?album_id=12.
*10. Contact Information.*
In the UK and Europe please contact:
Dr Craig Mackay, Reader in Image Science
Institute of Astronomy
Madingley Road
Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
tel: +44 (0)1223 337543
e-mail: cdm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
In the United States please contact:
Dr Nick Law, California Institute of Technology
MC 105-24
1200 E. California Blvd.
Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Tel: (001-626-395-2223)
e-mail: nlaw@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
The Globular cluster M13 as imaged conventionally by the Palomar 200 inch
telescope.
The Globular cluster M13 as imaged with the Lucky Camera behind an adaptive
optics system on the Palomar 200 inch telescope.
The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC6543) as imaged conventionally by the Palomar 200
inch telescope. The green light is oxygen emission, the red is hydrogen
emission, and the blue is near-infrared radiation.
The Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC7543) as imaged with the Lucky Camera behind an
adaptive optics system on the Palomar 200 inch telescope. Colours as above
image.
***********************************************************************************************
Office of Media Relations
Pasadena , Calif. 91125
626/395-3227
California Institute
of Technology
*N E W S R E L E A S E*
*For Immediate Release *
*September 3** , 2007*
*Caltech Astronomers Obtain Sharpest-Ever Pictures of the Heavens*
PASADENA, Calif. — Astronomers from the California Institute of Technology
and the University of Cambridge have developed a new camera that produces
much more detailed pictures of stars and nebulae than even the Hubble Space
Telescope, and it does all this from here on Earth.
Until now, images from ground-based telescopes have been invariably blurred
by Earth's atmosphere. Astronomers have developed a technique, known as
adaptive optics (AO), to correct the blurring, but so far it has only worked
successfully in the infrared, where the smearing is greatly reduced.
However, a new noise-free, high-speed camera has been developed at the
Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge that, when used behind the infrared
Palomar Adaptive Optics System, at last makes very high resolution imaging
possible in ordinary visible light.
The camera works by recording partially corrected adaptive optics images at
high speed (20 frames per second or more). Software then checks each image
to sort out which are the sharpest. Many are still significantly smeared by
the atmosphere, but a small percentage of them are unaffected. These are
combined to produce the final high-resolution image that astronomers want.
The technique is called "Lucky Imaging" because it depends on the chance
fluctuations in the atmosphere sorting themselves out and providing a set of
images that is easier for the adaptive optics system to correct.
This work was carried out on the 200-inch (5.1 meter) Hale Telescope on
Palomar Mountain. Like all other ground-based telescopes, the images it
normally produces are typically 10 times less detailed than those of the
Hubble Space Telescope. Palomar's adaptive-optics system produces superb
images in the infrared, but until now, its images in visible light have
remained markedly poorer than Hubble images. With the new Lucky Camera,
astronomers were able to obtain images that are twice as sharp as those
produced by the Hubble Space Telescope—a remarkable achievement.
The images produced in the study are the sharpest direct images ever taken
in visible light either from the ground or from space. "The system
performed even better than we were expecting. It was fantastic to watch the
first images come in and see that we were easily doing better than Hubble,"
says Nicholas Law, a postdoctoral scholar at Caltech and principal
investigator for the instrument.
Most astronomical objects are so far away that astronomers are desperate to
see more and more detail within them. The new pictures of the globular star
cluster M13, located 25,000 light years away, are sharp enough that
astronomers are able to find stars as little as one light-day apart. A
light-year is the distance light travels in one year (almost 6 trillion
miles). A light-day is the distance light travels in just one day. Stars in
the vicinity of the solar system are much farther apart –the nearest star to
our solar system is over four light-years away.
The astronomers also observed very fine detail in objects such as the Cat's
Eye Nebula (NGC 6543). It is eight times closer to earth than M13, allowing
filaments that are only a few light-hours across to be resolved.
The use of the camera at Palomar was a demonstration of the potential of
visible-light adaptive optics and offers a glimpse of the detailed imagery
to come. Astronomers at Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are
currently developing the first-ever astronomical adaptive-optics system
fully capable of capturing visible-light images. It will routinely allow
the 200-inch telescope at Palomar to outperform the Hubble Space Telescope
at even blue wavelengths. Using state-of-the-art deformable mirrors,
sensors, and a powerful laser, the upgraded Palomar adaptive-optics system
will provide finer correction of the atmospheric blurring than any present
adaptive optics system, allowing long-exposure images with the same fine
detail as the "lucky" images taken recently.
Caltech's Richard Dekany, principal investigator for the new system, says
that the upgraded instrument could be available as early as 2010. "These
Lucky Imaging results underscore the science potential of
diffraction-limited visible-light observations on large ground-based
telescopes," he explains.
To get even sharper pictures, astronomers will need to use bigger
telescopes.
The results open up the possibility of further improvements on even larger
telescopes, such as the 10-meter Keck telescopes on the top of Mauna Kea in
Hawaii or in the future even larger telescopes, such as the Thirty Meter
Telescope (TMT).
Working on the Lucky Imaging project were Law, Dekany, Mike Ireland, and
Anna Moore from Caltech and the Palomar 200-inch crew. Other team members
included Craig Mackay from Cambridge, James Lloyd from Cornell University,
and Peter Tuthill, Henry Woodruff, and Gordon Robertson from the University
of Sydney.
Images are available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~nlaw/lamp_pics/ and
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/palomar/AO/luckycam.html.
Contacts: Nicholas Law, postdoctoral scholar
California Institute of Technology
e-mail: nlaw@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
phone: (626)-395-2223 (US)
Craig Mackay, reader in image science
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge
phone: +44 (0)1223 337543 (UK)
Scott Kardel, public affairs director
Palomar Observatory
e-mail: wsk@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
phone: (760) 742-2111
Visit the Caltech Media Relations website at http://pr.caltech.edu/media.
*General Background:* *Introduction to Lucky
Imaging<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/index.htm>
* *The Lucky
Team<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/lucky_team.htm>
* *Press and Media* *Press
Releases<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Releases_0807.htm>
* *Press
Coverage<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Press_Coverage.htm>
* *Latest Results:* *Results from Lucky
Imaging<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Results.htm>
* *Very Low-Mass
Binaries<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_lo-mass-bin-poster.htm>
* *Amateur Lucky
Imaging<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Amateur.htm>
* *Lucky Imaging Methods:* *Why Only Possible
Now?<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Why%20Now.htm>
* *Measuring Image
Quality<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Im%20qual_Measure.htm>
* *Atmospheric Turbulence
Limits<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Atmos_Turb.htm>
* *Lucky and Adaptive Optics:* *Lucky and AO
Compared<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_vs_AO.htm>
* *Ref Star Limits in Lucky &
AO<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Ref%20mags.htm>
* *Isoplanatic Patch
Sizes<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_AO_Isoplan_size.htm>
* *Future Role for Lucky:* *Lucky at Other
Wavelengths<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Other_wavelengths.htm>
* *Lucky & Wide-Field
Surveys<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Wide_surveys.htm>
* *High-Resolution Lucky
Imaging<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_CLASI.htm>
* *Ground- Based Lucky Surveillance* *Ground-Based
Surveillance<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_Ground_Surveillance.htm>
* *L3CCDs, Refs. & The Team:* *L3CCD
Technology<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/guide_to_l3ccds.htm>
* *EMCCD Controller
Development<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/LI_CCD%20Cameras.htm>
* *References and
Theses<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/references.htm>
*
Institute of Astronomy & Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge,
Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
(c) Craig Mackay and the Lucky Imaging
Team<http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~optics/Lucky_Web_Site/lucky_team.htm>
2005,2006,2007 . <http://www.supergenes.net/>
Site last updated on 10 September 2007. Comments & corrections please,
to: cdm @ ast.cam.ac.uk <cdm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
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