Bi-polar, also called NON-polar, electrolytic caps are used in circuits where you need to pass an A/C signal while blocking DC. You can use two polarized caps in place but must add a steering diode pair to prevent overvoltage failure. This is especially true in high current circuits as in audio crossovers and horizontal coupling circuits. This article written by Joe Sopko from "The Speaker" shows the proper way to make up a sub using polarized E caps: http://www.iwaynet.net/~nesda/NonPolar.pdf Dominic DiLeo Atlantic TV Freeport, Maine &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Just a small question here. I have came across a bipolar electrolytic (I understand these can be inserted any way around in circuit?? - NEED CONFIRMATION) and was wondering what advantage these have over a normal electrolytic? Could a normal electrolytic capacitor be used in place of this? Mr D Graham Grahams Electronics 978 Walker Road Newcastle upon Tyne England ***************************************************************************** CHECK OUT THE NEW CHATROOM! Just login and click on chat! http://www.tech-assist.org/secure/tip/main.htm The Tech Address Book: http://www.tech-assist.org/secure/tip/contact.htm Add a Repair Tip Here, or Change/Remove your Email Address: http://www.tech-assist.org/secure/tip/main.htm Lost Password: http://www.tech-assist.org and select "Lost your Login Info?". Email Archives: //www.freelists.org/archives/techassist/