According to Humphrey and Warner, who studied GSDs extensively in the 1930s, in the German Shepherd breed ... erect ears are dominant. Other studies which showed lop ears to be dominant were done with mixed breeds. If there is a specific gene for "lop" ears, I would question whether or not any purebred GSD carries it. If a Shepherd's ear does not come up, does that make him "lop eared?" There are other factors to consider where GSD ears are concerned. Generally, when an ear doesn't come up, it is unusually thin or unusually large. I've also seen abnormally narrow ears fall, usually to one side or the other. I suspect that those ears were also supposed to be erect, but were influenced by those other factors. Also, I've read that when Dobermans (a lop eared breed) are bred to GSDs, not all of the progeny will be lop eared. This suggests that even with mixed breeds, the lop ear is an incomplete dominant. Tom Langlitz ============================================================================ POST is Copyrighted 2005. All material remains the property of the original author and of GSD Communication, Inc. NO REPRODUCTIONS or FORWARDS of any kind are permitted without prior permission of the original author AND of the Showgsd-l Management. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ALL PERSONS ARE ON NOTICE THAT THE FORWARDING, REPRODUCTION OR USE IN ANY MANNER OF ANY MATERIAL WHICH APPEARS ON SHOWGSD-L WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PERMISSION OF ALL PARTIES TO THE POST AND THE LIST MANAGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY FORBIDDEN, AND IS A VIOLATION OF LAW. VIOLATORS OF THIS PROHIBITION WILL BE PROSECUTED. For assistance, please contact the List Management at admin@xxxxxxxxxxxx VISIT OUR WEBSITE - http://www.showgsd.org ============================================================================