[pure-silver] Re: Hypo-Alum Toner (Photo-Formulary)
- From: "Richard Knoppow" <dickburk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <pure-silver@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 4 Oct 2004 18:01:45 -0700
----- Original Message -----
From: "Dave Hornford" <dave@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: <pure-silver@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Monday, October 04, 2004 4:19 PM
Subject: [pure-silver] Hypo-Alum Toner (Photo-Formulary)
> What should the Photo-Formulary's Hypo-Alum toner look
> like?
>
> After adding the Alum it is mixed to a milky colour. Is
> this normal - the
> documentation says to mix until fully dissolved.
>
> Thanks Dave
>
>
I think the milky appearance is normal. I don't know
about Photographer's Formulary toner but here is a typical
formula: Agfa/Ansco 222
Solution 1
Water, at about 125F or 52C 2350.0 ml
Sodium thiosulfate, crystaline 450.0 grams
Solution 2
Water 30.0 ml
Silver Nitrate 1.3 grams
Solution 3
Water 30.0 ml
Potassium Iodide 2.7 grams
Add solution 2 to solution 1. Than add solution 3 to the
mixture.
Finally add 105.0 grams of Potassium Alum to this mixture
and heat the entire bath to the boiling point or until
sulfurization takes place as indicated by a milky appearance
of the solution. Tone prints 20 to 60 minut4s at 110 to 125F
Agitate prints occasionally until toning is complete. Care
should be taken to insure complete conversion of the blacks
or double tones may result.
Note: For this and other solutions containing Sodium
Thiosulfate. Crystaline thiosulfate is strongly endothermic
and needs very hot water to dissolve. If anhydrous
thiosulfate is used it should be mixed in water no hotter
than 90F to avoid sulfurization. For anhydrous thiosulfate
use 60% of the amount given for the crystaline form.
For comparison here is the Kodak version of this toner.
I don't know why cold water is specified for the first
solution because crystaline hypo will dissolve very slowly
in it and cause it to become extremely cold. Nonetheless,
its specified in several sources for the formula
Kodak T-1a Hypo-Alum Sepia Toner
Cold water 2800.0 ml
Sodium Thiosulfate, crystals 480.0 grams
Dissolve thoroughly, then add the following solution:
Hot water (about 160F or 70C) 640.0 ml
Potassium Alum 120.0 grams
Then add the following solution, including precipitate
_slowly to the Hypo-Alum solution while stirring the latter
rapidly_.
Cold water 64.0 ml
Silver Nitrate 4.2 grams
Sodium Chloride 4.2 grams
After combining the above solutions add wate to make 4.0
liters
Note: The Silver nitrate should be dissolved completely
before adding the Sodium chloride and immediately afterward
the solution containing the milky white precipitate should
be added to the hypo-alum solution as directed above. The
formation of a black precipitate in no way impairs the
toning action of the bath if proper manipulation technique
is used.
For use pour into a tray supported in a water bath and
heat to 120F (49C). At this temperature prints will tone in
12 to 15 minutes depending on the type of paper. Never use
the solution at a temperature above 120F. Blisters and
stains may result. Toning should not be continued longer
than 20 minutes at 120F.
In order to produce good sepia tones, the prints should
be exposed so that the print is slightly darker than normal
when developed normally.
The prints to be toned should be fixed thoroughly and
washed for a few minutes before being placed in the toning
bath. Dry prints should be soaked thoroughly in water. To
insure even toning the prints should be immersed completely,
and spearated occasionally, especially during the first few
minutes.
After prints are toned, they shuold be wiped with a soft
sponge and warm water to remove any dsediment, and washed
for one hour in running water.
----
I would suggest the use of Kodak Hypo Clearing Agent
after toning just as after fixing to accelerate washing.
There are many other variations of this type of toner.
In general it can be re-used almost indefinitely if the
liquid level is kept up by adding water occasionally. The
bleaching effect will become less as more silver is
dissolved in the toner so it actually works better as it is
used. If silver nitrate is not available the solution can be
mixed without it and then used to tone scrap printing paper.
It will acquire the silver from the paper.
---
Richard Knoppow
Los Angeles, CA, USA
dickburk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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