The Power of Access & Choice: Braille in the 21st century
by Natalie Martiniello
July 26, 2016
NOTE: Are you a braille user, blindness professional, braille transcriber or
parent of a braille reader? Want to stay informed about the exciting braille
developments described below and more? Check out Braille Literacy Canada.
Nowhere in history is there an invention as pervasive and influential as the
printed word. Print is everywhere, yet we often take its power for granted.
In school, learning to read and write is the backbone for later success,
inclusion and societal participation. Arguably, the most liberating aspect of
the modern age is the power of choice: we can often choose to access
information electronically or in print, depending on what is most ideal for the
situation at hand. But what about those who do not read print?
It is time to reaffirm the importance of Braille for those who use it, and to
consider innovative ways to provide our blind and low vision students with the
same level of choice and freedom that is provided to their sighted peers.
Audio formats alone are a poor substitute for learning how to spell and
communicate in writing – skills that can only be learned through Braille or
print. And while accessible technology is a great equalizer, what can truly
replace the timeless satisfaction of being able to turn the pages of a book, or
being able to read a menu on your own without a second thought, just like
everyone else?
The question should not be "Does braille still matter?" Literacy equals
equality, freedom, immansapation. These things always matter. The question is,
in what ways can we improve access to braille for those who use it?
Less than 5% of the western world’s information is available in an alternative
format; however, this percentage is significantly lower when assessing the
availability of Braille alone. In the developing world, where 90% of persons
with visual impairments reside, less than 1% of published material is
accessible to non-print readers. Logistical red-tape (such as copyright laws)
protect the interests of authors, yet these same laws prevent countries from
sharing the accessible formats they produce, thus requiring much duplicative
reproduction of materials (a process that is both costly and that greatly
delays access to Braille). bookshare provides thousands of electronic books to
those with print disabilities in the United States, and while access to their
collection has significantly expanded within Canada, many of these books are
not yet available to Canadians due to copyright laws.
Built-in accessibility features (such as those found in Apple's iPhone/iPad and
Google's Android) allow users to activate speech-output software that will read
aloud content on the screen, without the need to first purchase expensive,
third-party accessibility solutions. Many of these mainstream solutions can
also be connected to refreshable braille displays, providing instantaneous
access to braille. Whereas braille learners were traditionally limited by the
small volume of available hardcopy braille, much of which may have been below
their reading and interest level, those with access to braille displays can now
also practise braille while surfing their favourite websites and social media
platforms.
Refreshable Braille displays improve availability to Braille, but these
products have been traditionally expensive (often costing several thousands of
dollars). Though Quebec maintains a program that provides eligible individuals
with technical devices they may otherwise not afford, this is not the case in
all provinces. In a study by the Adaptech Research Network, students with
disabilities commented on the barriers that hinder their ability to complete
their programs of study, and access to information ranked among the top four
obstacles noted by respondents .
So, where are we now? We are witnessing a revolutionary shift in the ways in
which we access not only braille, but also electronic and auditory reading
formats. In June, Canada became the 20th country to ratify the Marrakesh Treaty
to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually
Impaired, or Otherwise Print-Disabled. The treaty, which will become effective
at the end of September, aims to address the book famine experienced by blind,
visually impaired and other print-disabled persons in two key ways: by
requiring countries which ratify the Treaty to have an exception to domestic
copyright law for visually impaired and print disabled people, and by allowing
for import and export of accessible versions of books and other copyrighted
works without copyright holder permission. this means that member-countries
will not have to duplicate efforts to repeatedly reproduce materials that are
already available in an accessible format elsewhere.
English-speaking countries have now also adopted Unified English Braille - UEB.
UEB is an update to the braille code that eliminates the variations found among
braille codes of different English-speaking countries and the need for students
to learn different codes depending on the text they are reading. The changes
are minor for readers of literary material, but the implications are
significant. UEB allows for easier and more accurate automatic translation of
print to braille by translation software (because many of the inconsistencies
within the code have been eliminated). It also allows for the more fluid
sharing of braille material among English-speaking countries since there is now
one unified, English braille code.
Finally, it is arguably the most exciting moment in history to be a braille
reader, thanks to the revolutionary explosion of technological advancements in
recent years. Leading this revolution is the Transforming Braille Project,
which has resulted in the development of the first low-cost braille display
available to readers, known as the Orbit Reader braille display. The Orbit
Reader will bring braile into the hands of more readers of refreshable braille
than ever before because it will cost approximately $400 in comparison to the
$3000 or more of traditional braille displays.
But the innovations don't stop there. The Blitab tablet will provide readers
with a full-page of refreshable braille at an affordable cost. Expected to be
launched in late 2016, the braile Dot watch is advertised as the first braille
"smart watch". And, the Refreshable Tactile Graphics display, developed by
Orbit Research for the American Printing House for the Blind, is being called a
revolution in access to tactile graphics - allowing braille users, for the
first time, with access to on-screen tactile graphics such as pie charts, bar
graphs, geometric forms, maps, floor-plans, flow-charts, line drawings, and
dynamic graphical content. Announced just this month, field-testing for this
ground-breaking device is set to begin in fall 2016. What a game-changer that
will be!
More than 200 years since the 13-year old Louis Braille invented the Braille
code, Braille still continues to be relevant, and I write today to say that it
is not only irreplaceable, but meeting the 21st century head-on.
It is an exciting time to be a braille user and to watch the future unfold
before our eyes -- or should I say, beneath our fingers!
http://www.blindcanadians.ca/participate/blog/2016/07/power-access-choice-braille-21st-century
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