For insert,update I'd recommend you go by using pl/sql records based approach ... That way you'll have to code less. See http://tinyurl.com/3hgxl for hints .. Many moons ago I wrote some code that generated audit triggers for a given table and added some meta-level info that one could use to identify exactly *which* column values changed when viewing audits for a record. We had some requirements like that. Hat code is somewhere on my hard-disk. Raj ------------------------------------------------------------------------ --------=20 Rajendra dot Jamadagni at nospamespn dot com=20 All Views expressed in this email are strictly personal.=20 select standard_disclaimer from company_requirements;=20 QOTD: Any clod can have facts, having an opinion is an art ! ---------------------------------------------------------------- Please see the official ORACLE-L FAQ: http://www.orafaq.com ---------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe send email to: oracle-l-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx put 'unsubscribe' in the subject line. -- Archives are at //www.freelists.org/archives/oracle-l/ FAQ is at //www.freelists.org/help/fom-serve/cache/1.html -----------------------------------------------------------------