Craig Shallahamer suggests that the in-memory option is "partially on" by default in 12.1.0.2. See http://shallahamer-orapub.blogspot.com/2014/11/off-may-not-be-totally-off-is-oracle-in.html. What could "partially on" mean from an internals perspective? http://shallahamer-orapub.blogspot.com/2014/11/off-may-not-be-totally-off-is-oracle-in.html Iggy