I've never met a standalone application. Not once. There are *always*requirements for other systems to interface with it, users to get data via ODBC etc. If they don't exist at go-live they do exist by year 2. Its often the fact that these things come along and the business logic is only in the front end that *causes* the sorts of probelms described by Andrew. Data gets directly loaded or edited without being validated by the business logic and turns out - despite the protestations of the users - to be invalid. On Mon, Nov 8, 2010 at 1:51 PM, RP Khare <passionate_programmer@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: Hi, I read Tom Kyte's "Effective Oracle by Design". There he says to write most of the code in the DB itself to reduce application code. It is good in a distributed environment, but is it advantageous in an standalone application also? My app. is in .NET. ................ Rohit. -- Niall Litchfield Oracle DBA http://www.orawin.info