Hi David, just a quick response. As the display is now, its frequency can
be adjusted by the user within the range of 230Hz to 270Hz. Also, because
tactile accuity and co-factors differ between users, the pulsewidth of the
present display can be adjusted between 50% (which is essentially a
squarewave) and 30%. Of course, these things can be changed. At this point
at least, the circuitry which generates the driving waveform is more or less
hardware-based. However, a completely software-generated waveform is
completely doable. Again, however, we reach the challenge of power. I had
settled on the sawtooth wave because it "felt" like the best results, but
again this observation is completely subjective.
Charles
-----Original Message-----
From: David
Sent: Thursday, July 07, 2016 5:43 AM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] Re: a new Optacon is virtually complete
Just a question:
Would it be possible to implement a user-choice, whether he wants
Square, Sinus, or saw-tooth waves? And could the frequency be
user-adjustable from say 200 to 300HZ? That way you could let the user
taylor his display experience to his need and liking.
The frequency adjstment, I guess, would not be too hard to implement.
May need a slider or turning knob for that, or you could have a
press-button cycling through the frequency-range, in increments of
something like 10HZ. Much like we have the press-button in the rear end
of the Optacon 2.
Whether you can find a combined circuit for implementing all three
wave-types, I am not aware. But again here, you could have a small
button cycling through the different kinds of wave-formats.
All in all, to the user, it would be something like two tiny buttons, he
could press a number of times, to adjust the two settings of wave and
frequency.
Reason why I suggest this kind of approach, could be split into the
following:
- You won't need much more studies, simply offer the user the choice,
and let him do his own job.
- My guess is that although you may get some general results from a
study on the matter - whether previous or present - it only will give
you some average definitions to work with. Many medical factors, as well
as the fact to what extent the user is a newbie or have operated any of
the former Optacon models, may have its say as to what will be the best
combination of the settings.
- Have you done any testing, to determine if different reading
conditions may need different settings? Will for instance an otherwise
slightly blurred text (say with bad contrast in the print), be more
readable with different wave-types, or with a slightly adjusted
frequency? I just ask, since we have good experience that the
adjustments on the current Optacon models, have sometimes ALL to say,
when comes to readability of a certain material. Giving the user the
feature of choosing the wave and frequency, will that affect his chance
of getting an optimal reading experience, no matter what surface, print
and light conditions he is working under?
- do you have any experience that would suggest the wave or frequency
adjustments would NOT have any impact, for instance when a user is
reading with different temperature on his finger? I ask, because I find
the current Optacons to be most effective when I am keeping a normal
temperature on my finger. Yet, sometimes you need to read things, when
your finger is slightly colder than normal, and I find I can compensate
somehow by raising the intensity knob slightly. OK, I do know, intensity
is not the same as wave and frequency adjustments, but still my question
is if those parameters may prove helpful in better and more smooth
operation of your new model under all conditions.
t
David
O
n 7/6/2016 11:15 PM, Charles Pond wrote:
Hello Noel. I have used a programmable and a standard waveform generator
to
test the displays, and an R1D display for comparison, under several
conditions, with the results having been noted but admittedly subjective.
I
also did drive an R1D display with a sinewave, and although it was
quieter,
the image felt somehow less sharp or crisp, and because of the sensory
synergy or supplementation likely brought about by training, I prefered
TSI's square wave for the R1D bimorph display. As the bimorphs were, they
crack easily when the driving waveform is not carefully regulated and
timed.
Under a sinewave they were more forgiving.
As for the resonating magnetic display and the electrostrictive display:
1. Using a static actuator mode as you describe (like a braille display)
subjectively yielded abyssmal results. Likely enough, the stretch
receptors
and the latteral displacement receptors are not adequately stimulated.
When
using a refreshable braille display, these and other receptors and even
loose dendrites are excited by moving the fingers across the changeable
dots; and, that is just the beginning of the neurosensory biology.
2. Using a sinewave produced acceptable tactile images with the least
buzzing from the resonating magnetic display albeit a less crisp-feeling
image, and a less sharp "aura" from the electrostrictive display. Both
were
considerably quieter. However:
3. Using a squarewave, and to a point narrowing it down to a sawtooth
wave
yielded the best-feeling tactile images by far according to my
subjectivity.
Below a pulsewidth of 10% the tactile quality faded out, even with a
commensurate increase in waveform amplitude. It "felt" empiracly like a
sawtooth waveform with a positive pulsewidth of 30% yielded the best
results. As I say, these results--although carefully noted and
consistent--are subjective. Although a large test group of hundreds of
subjects potentially exists in southern Ontario between Toronto and
London--controls and all, I find not the time nor the strength now to
design, let alone carry out, a well-done and comprehensive study. At some
point, several displays and/or pre-prototype optacon IIIs likely will have
to be sent somewhere (I don't know where)for independent study and
verification. I did look at setting up a study, and in typical style as I
tend to over-engineer things, it quickly became obvious that a truly
proper
study is indeed a significant undertaking (best not use that word
undertaking given my health haha), albeit I do have stats people here who
can design a study given enough time and notice. I suppose one of the
basic
questions is: to what extent must the wheel be re-invented, and must
studies
be really that extensive? So, at this point, a sawtooth waveform with a
positive pulsewidth of 30% works or feels the best subjectively, sharpest
and most crisp, with a slight negative excursion simply to break
actuator/finger contact through the finger plate. Between 230Hz and 270Hz
"felt" the best, although I did test meself from between below 60Hz up to
over 1kHz. Although I slid up the analogue scale, results were noted in
steps. A number of factors can affect tactile accuity, not the least of
which is years of optacon training and optacon use, and the sound of the
display. The resonating magnetic display works most efficiently between
200Hz and 300Hz, and this resonant range is dependent on the initial
space/gap between the lower Power Magnet and the upper Moving magnet
within
each actuator. The electrostrictive display does not need to resonate,
although by default I am concerned about hysteresis within its cores.
This "aura" from the electrostrictive display is not unlike the surface
feel
of a woman's arm when she is standing beneath a power line. Some people
feel it even on themselves; some feel it on others but not on themselves,
and, others do not feel it at all whatsoever. I doubt it is harmful
because
at the least it is not ionizing radiation, nor is it painful physically to
the touch like the output of certain ultrasonic transducers. The
field/aura
is in and of itself an interesting biology and possibly metaphysical
project
of study. I have worked with trans-cutaneous and trans-cranial magnetics
in
biomedical work, and some people report an aura or field effect from these
devices. Results can be strange to say the least.
Charles
-----Original Message-----
From: Noel Runyan
Sent: Wednesday, July 06, 2016 2:56 PM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ; optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] Re: a new Optacon is virtually complete
Charles,
The single-handed" Optacon test TSI did back in the early days was
with their standard Optacon circuitry, so the vibration rate was
nominally at 250 hertz. That frequency was chosen because it was
supposed to be the optimal frequency for the particular tactile
sensors they were attempting to stimulate on the reader's
fingers. The lengths of the piezo ceramic reeds used as the
actuators was picked for rezonating at 250 hertz as well.
The vibration rate of the Optacon reeds is evidently not what limits
the reading rate or refresh rate. The piezo electric ceramic reeds
of the 1970 time frame had to be driven with an alternating voltage
and at the resonate frequency of the reeds in order to obtain strong
enough vibration to be felt well.
Several tactile display researchers, such as Dr. Jack Loomis , of
University of Santa Cruz, have suggested that a tactile image
converter like the Optacon might work better if it could be powered
by a direct current signal, rather than by a vibrating alternating
current signal. In the case of a direct current drive, the pins of
the image would not vibrate and would only go up or down as the image
moved across the display. If the camera stopped moving, the movement
of pins would stop, and any raised pins would stay raised until the
camera started moving again.
However, actuators that can drive tactile points up or down need much
more force, if they are not driven at their resonance
frequency. Although the technologies for tactile drivers are today
much more powerful than what could be used in 1970, it is still a
challenge to obtain enough force on direct current drivers packed
close together in the densities needed for an Optacon display, as you
are well aware.
While speaking of alternative ways of driving a tactile image
display, Jim Bliss told me that, when they tested their first Optacon
prototype, it had a square wave signal driving the tactile array, and
that made the display emit an obvious audible buzz sound which was
somewhat annoying. The first test subjects didn't complain about the
noise, so TSI decided to go ahead and commit to having their custom
driver chips manufactured using square wave signal drivers. It
wasn't until it was way too late and the display driver chips were
finished and in production that other subjects started pointing out
to TSI that the buzzing noise was too noisy for many users and for
many applications environments such as quiet classrooms.
Decades later, when Blazie Engineering owned the Optacon
manufacturing responsibility, they modified one Optacon to use a
smooth sine wave alternating current driver for the tactile
array. That test unit was found to work well for tactile reading and
was much quieter, not buzzing as loud as the standard Optacon with
square wave drive.
Charles, have you done any experiments in which you tried to drive
your magnetic or your electrostrictive display actuators with smooth
sine waves, instead of square waves? If so, does it have any effect
on the aura problem you've described?
If you haven't tried a smooth sine wave drive, I strongly encourage
you to consider trying it. As Blazie Engineering's tests proved, it
might greatly improve the Optacon III.
Thanks for your attention.
Cordially,
Noel
-
Noel H. Runyan
Email: Noel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-
At 03:31 AM 7/6/2016, Charles Pond wrote:
Noel:
Did the one-handed jig set up by TSI for testing imply a change in the
refresh rate of the display, or did it remain at between say 230Hz and
270Hz? This refresh rate implies immediately an upper limit to the speed
of
optacon reading, whatever that be, or if it can be reached by users.
Both display technologies do not require the RC circuit of the R1D's
piezoelectric display in order to optimize the standard bimorph display's
operation, which is somewhat of a compromise among the 6 stacked bimorph
cards which formed the display. So, for the resonating magnetic display,
given the presence of the second "Power Magnet" in the magnetic circuit
of
each actuator, resonance can efficiently occur over a wide refresh rate
range. As for the more unusual electrostrictive display, its refresh
rate
is affected not by resonance but by any hysteresis; hence, the direction
of
experimenting with carbon nanotubing as the conductor rather than copper,
and looking at using laminated Mu-Metal, or possibly laminated Mu-Metal
foil, for the cores. To some extent, the driving waveform reduces
hysteresis concern, but I think--I sense--we can do better.
Charles
-----Original Message-----
From: Noel Runyan
Sent: Tuesday, July 05, 2016 7:57 PM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ; optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] Re: a new Optacon is virtually complete
Charles,
The reason we are so interested in having a one-handeded Optacon
comes from an early experiment done at Telesensory Systems, where
they strapped a tactile array on top of one of the cameras. They
found that a reader was able to double her reading rate after using
the piggy-backed unit for about two weeks. Additionally, when TSI
was working with their system that recorded the camera images as
someone read with the Optacon, and then played it back for them to
read again on the tactile array, users complained that the image
seemed to be "jumping all over" and their reading rate and accuracy
dropped drastically, even though they were rereading the paragraph
they had read a few minutes before.
These experiments made it clear that there was a lot of camera
tracking feedback information flowing across the brain, from the side
controling the camera hand to the side of the brain that was
recognizing the tactile image felt on the other hand.
The assumption is that the corpus callosum in the middle of the brain
is delaying and adding noise to the image tracking data, hence
complicating the camera tracking/control and image recognition process.
Optimizing the tactile image recognition rate and accuracy depends
critically upon keeping the camera tracking on the center of the text
line and keeping the camera from tilting too much. This requires the
brain to juggle a lot of information back and forth across the brain
of a two-handed Optacon user.
Charles, I'm sorry that you haven't been able to get hold of me
through the NBP CBI, so I'll send you my contact information off-list.
Thanks for your interest and efforts in the challenge of improving
the Optacon design.
Cordially,
Noel
-]
Noel H. Runyan
Email: Noel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
-
At 02:52 PM 7/5/2016, Charles Pond wrote:
Hello Noel. I tried without success to contact you and others through
the
CBI about several tactile technologies.
Your neuropsych question is an interesting one. Although the optacon is
more of an haptic device than tactile, there is no reason for having the
camera in one hand and the tactile array on the other. I suppose it is
a
matter of training. Yes, this could be done. At this tage, the
optacon's
dedicated camera is small, something like a plastic lego block with the
four
round dots atop. It can get into those nifty tight places where the sun
never shines, so I defaulted to a standard two-handed design to keep the
camera small and agile, but that can easily be changed since the optacon
III
is modular at this point for bench work. Interesting studies might have
to
be done regarding one-handed optacon use vs two-handed. If we can read
braille with one hand and excite the stretch and the pressure receptors
of
the reading finger within several levels, then it stands to reason that
one
can learn to use a one-handed-based optagoner. My only concern is that
the
tiny camera/tactile part would then of needs become slightly bigger than
our
traditional optacon camera. One of the features on the wish list is
that
an
optacon camera would fit into small places. At this point, one can take
a
picture of an object to be read if the camera cannot sit atop it
directly,
or for display scrolling as with some modern household appliances, and
go
through it with the optacon in non-real time, or use the optacon in
real-time. Perhaps the good people in Ottawa west here can come up with
an
even better camera design to take a one-handed optacon into account.
Let
me
work on it. The challenge is not a camera; it is the housing needed to
fit
a display and a camera which can still squeeze into refined, haptic
dances
This "aura" I feel using the electrostrictive display is not air moving.
It
likely has something to do with the heavy magnetic and electrical fields
used in what one might loosely call the very specialized and peculiar
type
of "electric Halbach Array" and its associated, specialized "Screen
Electrode". I have felt a simular aura around magnetic equipment and
ultrasonic equipment, for just two examples. If it is harmful, well,
there
goes that. Hopefully it is just an artifact like coil whine in CRT
monitors, TVs, in some optacons for that matter, even in some laptops of
today. Some people and our cats can hear it and it drives us nuts,
while
others cannot hear it and so are unaware or indifferent to the coil
whine;
so it might be with this aura. If I cannot factor it out, then I'll use
a
ferrostrictive barrier as one of several ways to eliminate it if it
becomes
necessary. Hard to get any reading on it using any type of RF or Tesla
probe.
Fortunately, using both displays show no actuator cross-talk: neither
the
resonating magnetic display, nor the electrostrictive display (the
latter
is
essentially a solid state display), albeit I have built in the necessary
logic to remove any possibility of actuator cross-talk for the drivers
of
the resonating magnetic display. So, I believe this aura is not
something
analogous to Mach's interference patterns. The aura is another
interesting
subject in and of itself, and it does open up certain strange mysteries.
As for the high current, medium voltage use of the display (the
electronics
is not really an issue), I still have not properly researched beyond the
standard charge pump supplies and switch mode supplies, so I am sure the
4
D-cell pack can be replaced by something smaller and more discrete when
God,
failing health and time permit me to tackle the power issue. In
addition
to
a well-designed power supply, I have several ideas of how to
fundamentally
reduce power usage by the displays, albeit this will take some serious
nuts
and bolts work bench stuff. I wouldn't mind attempting it on the
simulator
(the engineers say wryly, never trust the simulator), but at this point
where I am located it has been all but impossible to find someone who is
photon-dependent and who can actually do the stuff as so instructed
because
they know how.
Charles
-----Original Message-----
From: Noel Runyan
Sent: Tuesday, July 05, 2016 4:56 PM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ; optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] Re: a new Optacon is virtually complete
Charles,
If the large battery and other elements of your current design force
the unit to be in two packages, wouldn't it be best to package the
battery in a cable-tethered unit and package the camera and tactile
display in a second unit? That way, it would have the advantages of
having the camera tracking and tactile display in one hand and using
the same side of the brain?
Much as I'd like to have a single package for the whole system, I
wouldn't mind too much having a two unit system, as long as one unit
housed both the camera and the tactile display.
Frankly, I think it would be mostly a sad waste of effort to develop
an Optacon III that doesn't integrate the camera and tactile display
into a single unit, whether or not there is a second unit cabled to it.
Can you describe a little more about the aura effect you've
encountered with the tactile display? Is it perhaps something like
Mach bands that human retinas and some other image systems have,
showing fine fringes along high contrast borders of images?
Does the aura maybe come from interference between adjacent actuators
when packaged close together?
Cordially,
Noel
-
Noel Runyan
Phone: (408) 866-7564
At 08:01 AM 7/5/2016, Charles Pond wrote:
Thank you, Susan. As it is now, an optacon III can be easily
assembled,
which is like a fancied up, slightly smaller optacon II with
improvements
and refinements. The display's tactile pixels are closer to gether
than
the
R1D, and there are more of them. To a point and to a limit, more is
better.
Two differing display technologies have been developed. One uses tiny
resonating solenoid-like devices (like small needles) for the
actuators.
The other is a more-or-less solid state display which uses an
electrostrictive surface on which the tactile image is created. I
looked
at
using ferrostrictive surfaces, but returned to the electrostrictive.
The
electrostrictive display can exhibit odd effects at times such as an
aura
which can be felt. Not sure if this is good.
For now, until I pay off my medical debt and to some extent from church
complications (whether it be heart or heart take your pick), and I have
the
legal and administrative framework for the optacon III projec properly
set
upt I can do little more work on the optacon III. If I have spent one
tenth
of my optacon time at the work bench, I have spent nine tenths of my
optacon
time attempting to do what others formerly here said they were actually
doing but were not; so, although these administrative matters are
certainly
necessary, they distract the work bench guy from actually working on
the
nuts and bolts of an optacon III where my experience is best used. The
owners of Tactile Vision Graphics--Rebecca and Emanual--were supposed
to
be
setting up financial and administration for the optacon project so I
could
give my attention to design and development, but although they wanted
credit, they usurped resources an valuable time and so work on holding
up
their own slipping businessk while having pretended to have been
working
on
optacon III matters, and now to support their lifestyle they are
engaged
in
a mis-representative public money-raising campaign for their own use;
not
illegal activities, simply irresponsible, unwise, less than honourable
and
at the cost of other people amounting to many thousands of shekels. If
their business is slipping, it is not for obsolete technology and the
need
for a paradigm shift; it is the way they have mis-used resources, and
in
not
treating customers nearly as well as those who owned the business
before
them--Ed and Cecile who were fine, gentle and excellent people. There
was
a
conference scheduled here in Ottawa in late 2014 early 2015 which was
to
have considered focusing on optacon research and focusing money on the
project. However, knowing this, Rebbeca and Emanuel (and another
engineer
on the side here) in effect, had the money and research cancelled so
the
community would not be distracted by an optacon porject, and ultimately
focus more on their present, slipping Tactile Vision Graphics business
rather than the intended optacon project. In fareness to the dismissed
engineer here, he simply presented his view as a sighted person
honestly
that an optacon device was obsolete at best; to his credit he was not
involved at all in the less than straight tactile tactics of Tactile
Vision
Graphics Inc. Therefore, for now I can move forward very little on the
optacon III until at least next February 2017 to improve it and refine
aspects including the challenging portable power aspect.
If I had someone upright who could take the optacon III project and
make
it
happen (a number of people and groups have tribed to steel the display
technology and make it their own--don't know why exactly--they care not
for
the optacon user community), I would hand it over to them. No one,
however,
is working successfully on an optacon III project, let alone having
reached
this far on it. There are a few research attempts, and I wish we could
simply join forces to make the optacon world a reality and a better
place.
It is not so. People have said the display has been the barrier. I
say
that the display has been the "easiest" aspect by far compared to other
optacon project aspects.
In order to appeal to several user groups, the optacon III has speech
output
and OCR capabilities. It also has a media player. So, one can take
this
device around, use it for any type of reading including something like
the
KNFB Reader function, and certainly as the good ol' optacon itself by
default, and also use it to listen to media files--a minor feature
overall.
Although I have barely made a start on this, I am looking at building
in
remote and computerized tutorials so people can learn to use the
optacon
and
of course their print characters. Early education is one key. It is a
multi-facted, large project for just one to handle, and it is not
healthy
project-wise generally for just one person to be responsible in all of
its
aspects for an entire project such as this type. The artificial heart
implant for example--developed here at the Hart Institute--would have
never
depended on one person.
Best regards, Susan,
Charles
-----Original Message-----
From: Susan Webber
Sent: Tuesday, July 05, 2016 9:43 AM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] Re: a new optacon is virtually complete
Hi Charles
Great to see your post since somewhere in last year if memory serves me
right. All the best with the project.
Kind regards
Susan Webber, Pretoria South Africa
For your financial wellness
Susan Webber
Audit: Momentum Client and Intermediary Service
Retail Insurance
Cell +27 (0)82 492 2004 Tel +27 (0)12 675 3102
Susan.Webber@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
268 West Avenue Centurion 0157 PO Box 7400 Centurion 0046
www.momentum.co.za
Momentum, a division of MMI Group Limited, an authorised financial
services
and credit provider
Reg. No. 1904/002186/06
-----Original Message-----
From: optacon-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:optacon-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
On Behalf Of Charles Pond
Sent: 04 June 2016 06:12 AM
To: optacon-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [optacon-l] a new optacon is virtually complete
A new and feature-rich optacon is now virtually complete. Although it
is
two-handed because of the chunky battery for now, a one-handed optacon
can
be built. The over-worried-about process of rendering a megapixel
image
down to a few hundred tactuators was easily solved over lunch in a few
intuitive flash minutes, and so that was that. The main area now, if
one
wishes to persue it, is automated tutorials and remote and in-built
teaching
where personal instruction is not available. Two specialized display
technologies have been developed; both work just fine for the optacon
application. So, beyond the years of our own needs in the here and
now,
the
optacon can indeed tontinue.
Happy finger fuzz,
Charles in Ottawa
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