Hi Tom & all, I don't have the new NG guide so was looking at Sibley's Field Guide to Birds of Western North America. One caveat is that I counted Yellow-bellied Sapsucker as not "out of range" since there is a regular pattern of occurrence, though they are fairly rare. So to be more of a stickler, that brings it down to 15. Also the ranges for quite a few of the species barely graze the borders -- or in a few cases, depending on the printing, might miss them by so small a distance that you couldn't draw a line between the depicted edge of the range and the border, with the double-nought pen in your Rapidograph drafting set (for folks who are old enough to know what those are). So in a few cases it might be more accurate to say, "without wandering more than 5 miles out of the depicted range." The fact that so many woodpecker species have ranges that come right up to the edges, but not far into this state/province, is perhaps the best clue. Happy birding, Joel On Thu, 2013-11-07 at 09:50 -0800, Joel Geier wrote: > There have been some good guesses. > > One way to get to the right answer is to consider which state/province > occupies the gaps in range among the most woodpecker species. > > You don't actually need to look at rare-bird records to deduce the > answer, if you assume that Steve has accurately listed all of the > runners-up. This place gets to 16 just based on woodpeckers/sapsuckers > that are expected to occur without wandering out of range. > > Happy guessing, > Joel > > -- > Joel Geier > Camp Adair area north of Corvallis