[net-gold] TRANSPORTATION: RAILROAD: HISTORY : COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN: History of Rail Transport in Great Britain
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: Net-Gold -- Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Net-Gold <Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, NetGold <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K-12ADMINLIFE <K12ADMIN@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K12AdminLIFE <K12AdminLIFE@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, MediaMentor <mediamentor@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Nabble Groups Net-Gold <ml-node+s3172864n3172864h56@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Platinum <net-platinum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Sean Grigsby <myarchives1@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Gold <NetGold_general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple Gold Discussion Group <TEMPLE-GOLD@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple University Net-Gold Archive <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, "Net-Gold @ Wiggio.com" <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Health Lists -- Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports <healthrecsport@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, HEALTH-RECREATION-SPORTS-TOURISM@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Rail Tram Discussion Group on Yahoo Groups <railtram@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sat, 31 May 2014 19:33:02 -0400 (EDT)
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TRANSPORTATION: RAILROAD: HISTORY :
COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN:
History of Rail Transport in Great Britain
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History of Rail Transport in Great Britain
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Great_Britain
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This article is part of the history of rail transport by country
series.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_by_country
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Rail passenger numbers in Great Britain, 1830-2012
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The railway system of Great Britain, the principal territory of the United
Kingdom, is the oldest in the world. The system was originally built as a
patchwork of local rail links operated by small private railway companies.
These isolated links developed during the railway boom of the 1840s into a
national network, although still run by dozens of competing companies.
Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, these amalgamated or
were bought by competitors until only a handful of larger companies
remained (see railway mania). The entire network was brought under
government control during the First World War and a number of advantages
of amalgamation and planning were revealed. However, the government
resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network. In 1923, almost all
the remaining companies were grouped into the "big four", the Great
Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland
and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway. The "Big Four" were
joint-stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system
until 31 December 1947.
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From the start of 1948, the "big four" were nationalised to form British
Railways. Though there were few initial changes to the service, usage
increased and the network became profitable. Declining passenger numbers
and financial losses in the late 1950s and early 1960s prompted the
closure of many branch and main lines, and small stations, under the
Beeching Axe. Passenger services experienced a renaissance with the
introduction of high-speed inter-city trains in the 1970s. The 1980s saw
severe cuts in government funding and above-inflation increases in fares
and the service became more cost-effective[citation needed]. Railway
operations were privatised during 1994-1997. Ownership of the track and
infrastructure passed to Railtrack, whilst passenger operations were
franchised to individual private sector operators (originally there were
25 franchises) and the freight services sold outright. Passenger levels
have since increased to above the level they had been at in the
late-1940s. The Hatfield accident set in motion the series of events that
resulted in the ultimate collapse of Railtrack and its replacement with
Network Rail, a state-owned, not-for-dividend company.
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Contents
1 Before 1830: The pioneers
2 1830 1922: Early development
3 1923 1947: The Big Four
4 1948 1994: British Rail
5 1995 onwards: Post-privatisation
6 See also
7 References
7.1 General
7.2 Pre-1830
7.3 18301922
7.4 19231947
7.5 19481994
7.6 1995 to date
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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History of Rail Transport by Country
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_by_country
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Contents
1 Wagonways and tramways
1.1 Reducing friction
1.2 Earliest traces
1.3 Early wagonways
1.4 Rails
1.5 Steam power introduced
2 Britain
2.1 Further development
2.2 Expanding network
2.3 Social and economic consequences
2.4 British Empire
2.4.1 Canada
2.4.2 India
2.4.3 Iran
2.4.4 Pakistan
3 Western Europe
3.1 Belgium
3.2 France
3.3 Germany
3.4 Spain
4 Russia
5 Latin America
6 United States 18301890
6.1 Overview
6.2 Mileage
7 Diesel and electric engines
7.1 Electric railways revolutionise urban transport
7.2 Diesel power
7.3 High-speed rail
8 See also
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 Further reading
12 External links
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard
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