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FAKE NEWS :
FACT CHECKING AND FACT CHECKERS :
UNITED STATES: POLITICS: POLITICAL PARTIES: REPUBLICAN PARTY, TEA PARTY :
INDUSTRIES: PETROLEUM :
LIBERTARIANISM :
RACISM :
BIGOTRY :
EXTREMISM :
HATE GROUPS :
INTOLERANCE :
DONALD TRUMP :
BLATANT FALSEHOODS :
SERIAL LIARS :
REPUBLICAN WAR ON WOMEN :
RAPE CULTURE :
CRIME AND CRIMINALS: SEXUAL PREDATORS :
SEXISM :
MISOGYMY :
KOCH BROTHERS:
Misinformer Of The Year: The Ecosystem Of Fake News And The "Alt-Right"
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Misinformer Of The Year: The Ecosystem Of Fake News And The "Alt-Right"
Blog
December 27, 2016 8:00 AM EST
JOHN WHITEHOUSE
Media Matters
http://mediamatters.org/blog/2016/12/27/
misinformer-year-ecosystem-fake-news-and-alt-right/214899
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/zsgxxm3
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I. Fake News
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While reporting real news requires a newsroom and some sort of process
that can be critiqued and examined, fake news is built to obfuscate and
hide sources. Its creators are varied, from a random American making
$10,000 a month from his fabricated Facebook posts to a group of teenagers
in Macedonia running more than a hundred pro-Trump websites. The business
model is simple: identify the news that people want to read, and give it
to them, regardless of the truth and with no effort whatsoever put into
actual reporting.
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There is no question that fake news got lots of attention in 2016, in part
because the president-elect himself -- and several people close to him --
pushed fabricated information. Thats deeply concerning, because data shows
that not only do Americans believe lies they see on Facebook, but also
that Americans across party lines say fake news is a real problem.
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No one is more responsible for the rise of fake news than Facebook. It was
Facebooks platform that allowed fake news to spread far and wide. In
fairness, the basic nature of the social media giant ensures that users
will share lies to some extent. But the structures that Facebook built
also made it easy to game. All content looks the same on Facebook, and the
name of the source shows up in a small and almost unreadable font. The
pages look nearly identical, regardless of their purpose or who is
operating them. Of course, these factors have been in place since
Facebooks inception, but in 2016, other factors changed as well.
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In its own way, fake news is more sophisticated than real news. Sure, real
news actually examines complexities that exist in the real world while
fake news just makes stuff up. But fake news can be targeted to appeal to
exactly what people want to see. On Facebook in particular, content can be
fine-tuned to target exactly what people are likely to click on. Many
private companies do this: It is called advertising. Whereas real news
outlets generally post a piece once and people either read it or not, fake
news can be tweaked again and again until it finally breaks through and
becomes viral. And fake news outlets sometimes do have the data to go
viral: Breitbart.com and Trump political benefactor the Mercer family has
a company, Cambridge Analytica, that conveniently owns a lot of data on
private citizens. And sitting on the board of Cambridge Analytica is
Trumps chief adviser, and the former CEO of Breitbart, Stephen Bannon.
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Facebooks algorithm has always been extremely prone to confirmation bias,
but changes in recent years seem to have allowed fake news to rise much
more easily (as the algorithm is proprietary, no one outside Facebook can
know for certain). In the past, at the very least, there were human
editors who could manually prevent outright lies from making it onto the
sites list of trending topics. But when Facebook fired them after
conservatives complained this summer, fake news really took off.
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Additional Topics Covered in This Blog Post
II. The Alt-Right
III. Historical Precedent
IV. Complicity Of Others
V. Whats To Come
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard
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