. Date: Sat, 14 Aug 2010 20:52:11 -0700 From: Richard Hake <rrhake@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> Reply-To: Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To: EVALTALK@xxxxxxxxxxx Cc: AERA-L@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, PHYSLRNR@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [Net-Gold] Dukenfield's Law & Campbell's Law Michael Paul Goldenberg (2010) has alerted subscribers to the article "Dukenfield's Law of Incentive Management" [Kleiman (2010)]. Dukenfield's Law is: "If a thing is worth winning, it's worth cheating for." Doubtless many subscribers are acquainted with the related "Campbell's Law"[Campbell (1976, 1979), Nichols & Berliner (2005)]: "The more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision making, the more subject it will be to corruption pressures and the more apt it will be to distort and corrupt the social processes it is intended to monitor." Witness the results of high-stakes summative testing of students and teachers mandated by the "No Child Left Behind" Act, as detailed in e.g., "Collateral Damage: How High-Stakes Testing Corrupts America's Schools" [Nichols & Berliner (2007)]. Richard Hake, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Indiana University Honorary Member, Curmudgeon Lodge of Deventer, The Netherlands President, PEdants for Definitive Academic References which Recognize the Invention of the Internet (PEDARRII) < rrhake@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> < http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~hake > < http://www.physics.indiana.edu/~sdi > < http://HakesEdStuff.blogspot.com > < http://iub.academia.edu/RichardHake > REFERENCES [URL's shortened by < http://bit.ly/ >]. Campbell, D.T. 1976. "Assessing the impact of planned social change," in G. Lyons, ed. , "Social research and public policies: The Dartmouth/OECD Conference, " Chapter 1, pp. 3-45. Dartmouth College Public Affairs Center, p. 35; online at < http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/pubs/ops/ops08.pdf > (196 kB). This URL is now DEAD :-( , but see Campbell (1979). Campbell, D.T. 1979. "Assessing the impact of planned social change," in "Evaluation and Program Planning" Volume 2, Issue 1, an abstract is online at <http://bit.ly/aQ4iJU>. For a memoriam to the late Donald Campbell see < http://bit.ly/bxyGfR >: "He was the founder of the domain of 'evolutionary epistemology' < http://bit.ly/a9XGKV > (a label he created), in which he generalized Popper's falsificationist philosophy of science to knowledge processes at all biological, psychological and social levels."See also < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_T._Campbell >. Goldenberg, M.P. 2010. "Dukenfield's Law of Incentive Management," EDDRA2 post of 14 August 1:18 pm (Yahoo fails to specify the time zone), online at <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/EDDRA2/message/1185>. Kleiman, M. 2010. "Dukenfield's Law of Incentive Management," The Atlantic, 13 August 2010; online at < http://bit.ly/bsRokM >. Nichols, S.L & D.C. Berliner. 2005. "The Inevitable Corruption of Indicators and Educators Through High-Stakes Testing," Arizona State Univ., Education Policy Studies Laboratory, online as a 1.5 MB pdf at < http://bit.ly/bbAymz > (1.5 MB). Nichols S.L. & D. Berliner. 2007. "Collateral Damage: How High-Stakes Testing Corrupts America's Schools." Harvard Education Press. See < http://www.hepg.org/hep/Book/62 >, which carries the praise of UCLA emeritus professor W. James Popham: "This savage assault on high-stakes testing in education arrives with a clear concern about those most harmed by high-stakes tests-students and teachers. Nichols and Berliner provide a carefully reasoned analysis laced with frightening accounts drawn from public schools. Not merely another pummeling of 'No Child Left Behind,' this is a readable evisceration of the premise that our schools can be evaluated with a single indicator. If you care about public schooling, this is required reading." .