[net-gold] DISASTERS: CHEMICAL SPILLS : RIVERS : WATER : UNITED STATES: STATES: WEST VIRGINIA : WATER POLUTION : ENVIRONMENT: POLLUTION : ENERGY : HEALTH: ISSUES : BUSINESS: COMPANINES: NAMED COMPANIES: FREEDOM INDUSTRIES: Chemical Guesswork in West Virginia PART TWO
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: Net-Gold -- Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Net-Gold <Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, NetGold <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K-12ADMINLIFE <K12ADMIN@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K12AdminLIFE <K12AdminLIFE@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, MediaMentor <mediamentor@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Nabble Groups Net-Gold <ml-node+s3172864n3172864h56@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Platinum <net-platinum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Sean Grigsby <myarchives1@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Gold <NetGold_general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple Gold Discussion Group <TEMPLE-GOLD@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple University Net-Gold Archive <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, "Net-Gold @ Wiggio.com" <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Health Lists -- Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports <healthrecsport@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, HEALTH-RECREATION-SPORTS-TOURISM@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Sun, 12 Jan 2014 14:09:24 -0500 (EST)
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DISASTERS: CHEMICAL SPILLS : RIVERS :
WATER :
UNITED STATES: STATES: WEST VIRGINIA :
WATER POLUTION :
ENVIRONMENT: POLLUTION :
ENERGY :
HEALTH: ISSUES :
BUSINESS: COMPANINES: NAMED COMPANIES: FREEDOM INDUSTRIES:
Chemical Guesswork in West Virginia PART TWO
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Chemical Guesswork in West Virginia PART TWO
DISASTERS: CHEMICAL SPILLS :
RIVERS :
WATER :
UNITED STATES: STATES: WEST VIRGINIA :
WATER POLUTION :
ENVIRONMENT: POLLUTION :
ENERGY :
HEALTH: ISSUES :
BUSINESS: COMPANINES: NAMED COMPANIES: FREEDOM INDUSTRIES:
Chemical Guesswork in West Virginia
CONTINUED
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Methylcyclohexanol
CASRN: 25639-42-3
For more information, search the NLM HSDB database.
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+2910
Human Health Effects:
Toxnet
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+2910
CONTINUED
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[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM.
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention &
Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Preventive Measures:
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry
is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact
lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including
the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure,
the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive
properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to
the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In
any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when
contact lenses are in place.
**PEER REVIEWED**
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM.
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention &
Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)] **PEER REVIEWED**
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner
that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle,
dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm
the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the
decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the
workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken
home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for
cleaning.
**PEER REVIEWED**
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective
clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and
evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.
Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or
disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a
permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by
the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will
not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure
(inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment,
transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in
this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261,
specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state
and federal requirements for disposal.
**PEER REVIEWED**
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be
removed and replaced.
[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM.
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention &
Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for
transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance
... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged,
marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized
by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
[49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)] **PEER REVIEWED**
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods
Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to
IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier
regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting
hazardous materials.
[IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva,
Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods
Board, January, 1997., p. 178] **PEER REVIEWED**
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles
for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for
individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice
are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index
of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be
consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used
when shipping any substance or article.
[IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime
Organization p.3145-1 (1988)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Storage Conditions:
Methylcyclohexanol must be stored to avoid contact with strong oxidizers
(such as peroxides, chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, and permanganates),
since violent reactions occur. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and
open flames, are prohibited where methylcyclohexanol is used, handled, or
stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.
[Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical
Carcinogens 5th Edition Volume 1: A-H,Volume 2: I-Z. William Andrew,
Norwich, NY 2008, p. 1688] **PEER REVIEWED**
Cleanup Methods:
Spill handling: evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective
equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all
ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Absorb liquids in
vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and
deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space,
such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the
sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It
may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous
waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify
downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your
Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the
federal EPA for specific recommendations.
[Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical
Carcinogens 5th Edition Volume 1: A-H,Volume 2: I-Z. William Andrew,
Norwich, NY 2008, p. 1688] **PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical
product with less inherent propensity for occupational
harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused
portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the
manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or
water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with
environmental and public health regulations.
**PEER REVIEWED**
Incineration.
[Pohanish, R.P. (ed). Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemical
Carcinogens 5th Edition Volume 1: A-H,Volume 2: I-Z. William Andrew,
Norwich, NY 2008, p. 1688] **PEER REVIEWED**
Occupational Exposure Standards:
OSHA Standards:
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 100 ppm (470
mg/cu m).
[29 CFR 1910.1000 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records
Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from,
as of June 2, 2010: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr **PEER REVIEWED**
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 50 ppm (235 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some
states.
[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
No. 97-140. Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997., p.
367] **PEER REVIEWED**
Threshold Limit Values:
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 50 ppm.
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and
Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2010, p. 40] **PEER REVIEWED**
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may
exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a
work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the
TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists TLVs and BEIs.
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and
Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH 2010, p. 5] **PEER REVIEWED**
NIOSH Recommendations:
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 50 ppm (235 mg/cu m).
[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM.
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention &
Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health:
500 ppm
[NIOSH. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards & Other Databases CD-ROM.
Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Prevention &
Control. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health. DHHS (NIOSH)
Publication No. 2005-151 (2005)] **PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
COMPONENT IN SOAP-BASED SPOT REMOVERS; CHEM INT FOR LUBRICATING OIL
ADDITIVES
[SRI] **PEER REVIEWED**
Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers and for lacquers, antioxidant for
lubricants, blending agent for special textile soaps and detergents.
[Fisher WB, VanPeppen JF; Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
(2001). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone.
Online Posting Date: December 4, 2000.] **PEER REVIEWED**
Used as a solvent for resins, oils, and waxes...
[Musser MT; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 7th ed.
(2008). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone.
Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000.] **PEER REVIEWED**
Methods of Manufacturing:
Hydrogenation of cresol
[Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 824] **PEER REVIEWED**
Catalytic oxidation of methylcyclohexane
[Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 824] **PEER REVIEWED**
General Manufacturing Information:
Methylcyclohexanol ... is usually available as a mixture of the cis and
trans isomers of 2-, 3-, and 4-methylcyclohexanol.
[Musser MT; Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (2008).
NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone. Online Posting
Date: June 15, 2000] **PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
Grade: Technical
[Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 824] **PEER REVIEWED**
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
Method: NIOSH 1404, Issue 1; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame
ionization detector; Analyte: methylcyclohexanol; Matrix: air; Detection
Limit: 0.02 mg/sample.
[CDC; NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. Methylcyclohexanol
(25639-42-3). Available from, as of June 14, 2010:
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/ **PEER REVIEWED**
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
Cyclohexanol, methyl-
**PEER REVIEWED**
Hexahydrocresol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Hexahydromethylphenol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Methyl adronol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Methyl anol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Methylhexalin
**PEER REVIEWED**
Methylcyclohexane
**PEER REVIEWED**
Metylocykloheksanol (Polish)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Sextol
**PEER REVIEWED**
Associated Chemicals:
DL-cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol; 7443-70-1
DL-trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol; 7443-52-9
D-cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol; 5454-79-5
L-trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol; 7443-55-2
cis-4-Methylcyclohexanol; 7731-28-4
trans-4-Methylcyclohexanol; 7731-29-5
Formulations/Preparations:
Grade: Technical
[Lewis, R.J. Sr.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 15th Edition.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, NY 2007., p. 824] **PEER REVIEWED**
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 2617; Methylcyclohexanols
IMO 3.3; Methylcyclohexanol
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PHOTOS: What It Looks Like When A Massive Chemical Spill Contaminates The
Water Supply
By Kiley Kroh
January 11, 2014 at 10:46 am
Think Progress
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/01/11/3150431/photos-chemical-spill/
.
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Clean coal is still poisoning peoples water and air
By Joe Smyth
Grist
http://grist.org/article/4-methylcyclohexane-methanol-
clean-coal-is-still-poisoning-peoples-water-and-air/
.
A shorter URL for the above link:
.
http://tinyurl.com/qyzsl5h
.
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Mary Anne Hitt, a resident of West Virginia and the director of the Sierra
Clubs Beyond Coal Campaign said, Our thoughts are with the more than
300,000 people in eastern West Virginia affected by this toxic chemical
spill, upstream from the largest drinking water source in West Virginia.
Coal mining communities are faced with the dangers of water pollution from
coal mining and pollution every day. This spill pulls the curtain back on
the coal industrys widespread and risky use of dangerous chemicals, and is
an important reminder that coal-related pollution poses a serious danger
to nearby communities. Americans, and the people of West Virginia, deserve
greater accountability and transparency about coal industry practices.
.
As West Virginia Public Broadcasting points out for those impacted by this
spill, more information is needed to assess what the impacts might be for
exposure at the levels being experienced in the air and water. The patent
page for the process in which 4-methylcyclohexane methanol is used has
some background information:
.
In the coal industry, various types of shale and clay are produced as a
mixture with the coal. To increase the heating value of the coal and to
reduce the hauling costs, a complex process of coal washing is normally
used to reduce the total ash content. In this process the coal is graded
to a certain size, usually less than six inches, and then fed into a
slurry bath in which the density of the media is closely controlled. The
coal floats in the heavy media bath while the heavier rocks sink to the
bottom.
.
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WEBBIB1314
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard
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Other related posts:
- » [net-gold] DISASTERS: CHEMICAL SPILLS : RIVERS : WATER : UNITED STATES: STATES: WEST VIRGINIA : WATER POLUTION : ENVIRONMENT: POLLUTION : ENERGY : HEALTH: ISSUES : BUSINESS: COMPANINES: NAMED COMPANIES: FREEDOM INDUSTRIES: Chemical Guesswork in West Virginia PART TWO - David P. Dillard
