. . BIOLOGY: BOTANY: Flowers in Amber Show Earliest Evidence of Pollination . . Flowers in Amber Show Earliest Evidence of Pollination January 3, 2014 Brett Smith Red Orbit http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1113038614/ cretaceous-flowers-in-amber-micropetasos-burmensis- earliest-evidence-of-pollination-010313/ . A shorter URL for the above link: . http://tinyurl.com/mp4vpva . .Researchers from Oregon State University have revealed the earliest evidence of sexual reproduction in flower plants in a new report published in the Journal of the Botanical Institute of Texas.
http://brit.org/webfm_send/455The evidence was found in a 100-million-year old piece of amber containing a bunch of 18 previously-undescribed flowers from the Cretaceous Period. Dubbed Micropetasos burmensis, the flowers were frozen in the process of making new seeds.
.Like many other plants and insects preserved in amber, the flowers are essentially frozen in time with nearly every detail appearing as it had millions of year ago. The preservation process began with flowing tree sap covering the flowers. Eventually, the sap hardened into a fossilized, semi-precious gem.
.The flower cluster came from a time when many of the flowering plants on Earth were still fairly small. During the Cretaceous, flowering plants started to emerge, providing increased biodiversity and food. Until the Cretaceous, plant life on Earth was composed entirely of conifers, ferns, mosses, and cycads.
.The remarkable amount of preservation allowed the OSU scientists to capture microscopic images of pollen tubes emerging from two grains of pollen and entering the flower's stigma, direct evidence of sexual reproduction. The pollen tubes allow for the fertilization of the egg within the stigma and the eventual formation of a seed.
."In Cretaceous flowers we've never before seen a fossil that shows the pollen tube actually entering the stigma," said study author George Poinar, Jr., a professor of integrative biology at OSU. "This is the beauty of amber fossils. They are preserved so rapidly after entering the resin that structures such as pollen grains and tubes can be detected with a microscope."
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