Some years ago there was a short series in ME on an automatic (loco?) boiler feed pump. As far as I recall, it used a piston in a cylinder to "sense" the density of fluid at a specific level in the boiler, and if that was water, held the actual pumping piston closed, and if not, it allowed it to move thus pumping water into the boiler. I believe it was published in the 70's, possibly earlier. Can anyone with a better memory than mine, or with better luck at the index, let me know who wrote it, or when it was? http://www.alanstepney.info Alan Stepney's Model Engineering, steam, and workshop pages. MODEL ENGINEERING DISCUSSION LIST. To UNSUBSCRIBE from this list, send a blank email to, modeleng-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.