P. A. Stone wrote: >>>No Reply Necessary. Geary queried: >>Does that mean that it's necessary that no >>one reply? Or that it's not >>necessary to reply? Stone answers: >Both is the answer. In symbols: Nec ~ (r) vs. ~ (Nec (r)) Interestingly, the scope ambiguity with modals (and morals) is a well-known (but hardly solved) 'ethical' paradox -- as it relates to the Square of Opposition for moral modalities. Interestingly, too, the ambiguity is maintained if you use 'need' instead of 'necessary' (cf. "No New Zealanders Need Apply"). Cheers, JL ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html