What Geary lacks, charming as he is, is a ken of the Romance languages. In Italian, as Palma may witness, 'thing' is cosa, which is Latin causa, only undipthonged. In French, chose fait la meme chose. Spanish causa. One is surprised that Geary, who knows so many Hispanicks in restaurant kitchens never heard of the 'cosa'. In Latin, 'causa' was NOT a 'thing'. The 'thing' for the Romans was the res, hence 'reality'. The Anglos overuse the word, 'really' (especially Valley Girls). I married an Irishman O really No, o Reilly. ---- The Philosophical Lexicon is Graeco-Roman in nature and there's no way Heidegger, who rimmed a friend, could turn GERMAN into one! Ding-Dong, the Witch is dead. Andreas may contradict me, as he was Heidelberg educated. But on the whole, no philosophy without the Greeks. Now, did the Greeks have a concept of 'thing', or ding-dong? Pragma is the closest thing. E.g. Man is the measure of all THINGS. Pragmata. But pragma is more thing done than thing itself. The Ding an sich is, as Wager notes, a human construction. The noumenon is possibly the worst Kantian neologism. For 'nous' is indeed the realm of the spirit, not of the 'thing'. Perhaps when we reflect on monkeys who masturbate (as Stone notes, a monkey may masturbate, but an ape cannot be domesticated -- hence adultery among humans) we will note that Kant was better in chosing OBJEKT as the philosophical technicism. For the objekt is indeed the apokheimenon of Empedocles. Empedocles, who lived in Ionia many years ago, distinguished between the Sub-Ject, or Hypokheimenon and the Ob-Ject. When we use a dill-do, we objectify the penis of a man into an object. We assume, or those who use a dilldo do, that the thing is an object, but we personalise the dilldo. Some people name their dilldos after Christian names, etc. (Dick, Harry, or Ike). Ditto for inflatable women. These are said to be objects, but in sexual perversions they are felt as human. The paradoxical retroflection of the phenomenon is the prostitution where objectifying the object is the subject. An orgasm cannot be faked by a male, but yes by a woman (Derrida). You cannot BUY an orgasm; hence the idea of objectual sexual relations is a misnomer. This Judy Butler knows. She blows. JL Speranza Bordighera