In a message dated 9/1/2010 4:26:38 A.M., palma@xxxxxxxx writes: it is indeed a most irritating phenomenon constituted by the deep idiocy of the english (or some, or most) in keeping this group of crooks self styled "royals." The winds of innovation of 1776 and 1789 never caught up with george.3 the mail is royal? is it so? as opposed to princely? ----- The thing is not so easy as it doesn't sound. J. Evans, D. Ritchie, and D. McEvoy and S. Ward should be able to educate us on that. There's royal charts. Take Convent Garden -- the Opera House. Strictly, R. O. H. The ROYAL Opera House. This means that it's recognised by the crown. The Academy -- not just any academy: The Royal Academy. The Royal Society of Architects. The Royal Institute of Philosophy The Royal Society of Literature ------ There are many, too many, institutions that hold the label, "royal". It may be open-ended. They are not ALL TOO old. They are at most "Anglo-Norman". "Royal' is an Anglo-Normal word. Royal Shakespeare Society Royal Society for the Preservation of Rights of Birds, and so on. --- maybe there is a wiki essay on how 'royal' applies to groups and institutions in England (and Wales and Scotland and Ulster). ----'royal' means 'by appointment of HRM The Queen'. Speranza----Bordighear