In an interview given in New York, Helena Bonham Carter (who plays the Queen Mother in "The King's Speech", with Colin Firth) makes a counterfactual assertive conditional which I wonder if it's Popperian. She says (words to the effect): "Even if Edward VIII -- "David" amongst friends -- had NOT abdicated, Queen Elizabeth III would _Still_ be Queen, because he ("David") had the mumps". I found the thing Gricean! Speranza -- Swimming-Pool Library, etc. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html