In a message dated 1/24/2010 10:10:41 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, jwager@xxxxxxxxxx writes: Dante's main insight, I think, is that "hell" is not a punishment. It's NOT a jail. The ONLY thing keeping someone there is their lack of hope; they have some serious flaw and no hope of changing. So no "gate" is needed; you keep yourself in the hell of your own making. (This comes, I think, from Aquinas' view of the lack of reality of evil, which is an absence of something that ought to be there and is not. ==== Good. So we need to KNOW what word he used for "gate". Portale? It's "porta celeste" for heaven-gate. So it should be "porta infernale" for the other end, right? JLS