http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/chess/3622566/How-good-players-falsify-their-own-winning-theorems.html The marked superiority of a falsificationist approach to a confirmationist one may be noted and easily understood. It is plausible that anticipating potential falsifiers is, psychologically, due to a desire to avoid defeat by evading them - and this may be true in the 'game of science' also. However, as per the Wason test, it seems that those with scientific, logic, maths training find the problem in the letter/number form much easier than those without. This though may only mean that a logical falsificationist approach, once learnt, can be more widely applied and become a transferable analytical skill. Donal Queening London ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html