I think belief systems very often ARE interchangeable. One can believe in Allah (Bin Laden) or Germany (Hitler) or Communism (Lenin). People need "something to kill and die for:" an omnipotent object to which they can attach. The object becomes part of one's ego, providing a sense of stability and coherence. Some people study Lacan as if they are studying the Bible. People can separate from culture and belief-systems: become more individual or individuated. But often this is traumatic: the ego fragments when it is separated from the omnipotent object to which one has been attached. One shrinks. Shrinkage means separateness or separation. It has its advantages, to become real. RAK __________________________________________ LIBRARY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Richard Koenigsberg, Ph. D., Director: 718-393-1081 Mei Ha Chan, Associate Director: 718-393-1075 Hugh Galford, Publicity: 718-393-1104 Orion Anderson, Communications Director: 718-393-1104 Richard G. Klein, Book Exhibit Manager: 718-393-1075 Fax: 413-832-8145 or 718-393-1068 Webpage for Library of Social Science Book Exhibits:: http://www.libraryofsocialscience.com/ Webpage for Richard Koenigsberg: http://home.earthlink.net/~libraryofsocialscience/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html