In a message dated 8/1/2004 6:02:56 PM Eastern Standard Time, phatic@xxxxxxxxxx writes: First names gave a false sense of self. ---- A minor (logical) problem here is for people like the late Jorge Luis Borges. I would say "Jorge Luis" contrasts with "Borges" (last name, surname). But I would call "Jorge" only the _first_ name, while "Luis" would be the 'middle name', yet not what the Romans called a 'cognomen'. People (like H. P. Grice) started their careers signing as "H. P. Grice" and later chose the _middle_ name as the 'first' name: the author-line for books like his _Studies in the Ways of Words_ being "Paul Grice", not "Herbert Paul Grice", or "H. Paul Grice". In French, the problem is solved by using the hyphen, "Jean-Paul Sartre" may be said to consist of a _surname_ (Sartre) and a 'first' (double) name, "Jean-Paul". Then there is the problem of more than two _given_ names: like A. J. P. Taylor, or Sarah Jessica Millie Parker. In logical terms, I think one would consider that "Herbert Paul Grice" refers to Herbert Paul Grice. So I'm not sure that 'first names give a false sense of self'. "Herbert" does not really _refer_ (in "Herbert Paul Grice"), neither does "Paul". "Grice", interestingly, refers (to Grice), but only in a context where it is known that the referent is H. Paul Grice, rather than, say, his brother Derek. Cheers, JL ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html