Good, Larry! ---- And I'm glad you were not offended. Anyway, I was using 'soldier' metaphorically, or extensively (rather than intensely). I may have meant 'mercenary' (Just joking!). But seriously, I THINK, 'soldier' IS related to 'salary', but I'm not sure. In any, case it SEEMS to be related to 'wage' (as in "Wager" :)). In any case, 'mercenary' is. I SHOULD CHECK the etymology of 'soldier' or 'mercenary'. This was indeed, the old Roman idea, when they had to recruit PAID army. And perhaps it relates to Veronica Caley's rather casual remark that "it is a pity when a soldier doesn't have a better way to earn a life", which I thought was pretty offensive! ------- So, anyway, I'm reminded of "I'll make a man of anyone of you", the song where it's all about 'taking the shilling', which I ALSO finds offensive. ---- (The song features in "Oh, Oh, Oh, it's a lovely war"). Anyway, back to more detailed comment on Helm: In a message dated 5/26/2010 11:07:32 P.M., lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx writes: In what respect could I have been offended? I was not a "soldier" but a "Marine." --- Apologies about that. I was using 'soldier' generally. I wonder if you know of people who are not, strictly, soldiers, but call themselves 'soldiers'. (i.e. that they use 'soldier' generally). "When I went through Boot Camp, Combat Training, Advanced Combat Training, it was assumed (our instructors not utterly recovered from the high casualty rates suffered as the Marines "Island hopped" in the Pacific during World War II) that even though we were mere PFCs at the time, our corporals, sergeants and lieutenants "might be" killed off; so we were taught to think beyond our duties as PFCs and learn to function in those higher grades just in case we had to take over when our immediate superior was killed." That's interesting. I suppose it was a sensible policy: to work vis a vis what may happen if others die. I suppose not a lot of people work like that, and I know a few who would be at a total loss if those who they depend on DIE. Helm continues: "I don't know what John Wager means by "ambiguity and independent judgment." It didn't seem like we had that in the Marine Corps. At least not "ambiguity."" That's very good. Grice has this silly maxim, "Avoid ambiguity" -- so the point on ambiguity by Wager was too general to be true. So I'm relieved that you take issue with the second, more important bit, about 'independent judgement'. I liked your qualifications about it, which shed light (or other) on Wager's points. Helm: "We had "independent judgment" in regard to determining the best way to do something. That is, independent judgment followed by a voiced opinion which would count when someone of a higher rank made the final decision -- unless we were to be on our own in some operation; then our "independent judgment" prevailed." It's VERY good you had a voiced opinion. That IS pretty rare, and I would think Wager knows of scenarios or reminiscences when soldiers DON'T have the right to a voiced opinion. As a consequence, their opinions, some of which ARE voiced, are never thought of as flowing from the judgement (independent or not -- "Kiss me goodnight, Sargeant Major" -- "Sargeant Major, be a mother to me"). Helm: "Of course I don't mean by "independent" something counter to the good of operation or our fellow Marines. I mean, determining for ourselves the best way to get the job done." I assume this applies to the second case, when there was no real 'superior', and "we were to be on our own in some operation". Where perhaps the 'we' is ambiguous. If it meant an operation where Lawrence Helm was to be on HIS own in some operation" i.e. "unless [I was] to be on [my] own in some operation; then [my] 'independent judgement' prevailed". --- I would think the subscenario here would be if you allowed your inferiors (opposite of superior) to have voiced opinions. The philosopher that I am, I would hold seminars on each point, alla Grice, and taking cancellable implicatures, with the result that nobody would be even marching. Ah well. J. L. Speranza " ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html