In a message dated 4/6/2011 9:54:43 P.M., rpaul@xxxxxxxx quotes from sources: "According to Jewish tradition the Torah was dictated to Moses by God, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy which describe his death." Geary wrote on this: "A book could be written on this. This is it." ----- "The point to consider is who a Jewish tradition is. We need to name names." ----- "According to Mary" I understand "According to Mary and Peter" ---- "According to Jewish tradition" is more ... vague? In the case of Hobbes, I would not count him as a "Jewish tradition", yet, Hobbes was refuting "a Jewish tradition" (or thinking he was refuting). According to a Jewish tradition, "the Torah was dictated to Moses by God, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy which describe his [i.e. Moses's, not God's] death." ----- "The problem with," says Geary, "_dictate_" is that we don't _dictate_." He is pointing to the ambiguity: God dictated the Torah to Moses. It may be pointed out that 'dictate' is ambiguous: "This is not what I dictated," Smith says to Jones. "I said 'tomahto'; you wrote 'tomayto'". The evidence -- the only evidence we have -- is what is written, which was apparently 'dictated'. So, there is the source-side to 'dictate' (God) and the target-side to 'dictate' (Moses) ("He was dictated"). So: "the Torah was dictated", according to, say Peter and Mary, but not Hobbes (who first saw this) "to Moses by God, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy which describe [Moses's] death" -- which He (God?) wrote himself (or hisself?). This sounds phlegmatic. He (God) must have 'dictated' it to somebody else. A point about internal evidence could be made. Apaprently, those last eight verses do indicate a change of style. But it's not like they are _dialectically_ (in terms of dialect) different. And, again, the details on Moses's death we wouldn't really know how to check in terms of veridicness. People are familiar with the _account_ of Moses's death, not with the real _event_. And so on. Speranza ------ It would be good to have Hobbes's actual argument on this. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html