Oddly, one can take the proposition, "survival of the fittest" -- or as Palma and McEvoy would prefer, 'The fittest survives' as, as I do, analytic. In THAT case, it is NECESSARY that the fittest survive. "fittest" is an English word, used by Darwin (he took it from Malthus, who had taken it from Spencer). In Latin, and Graeco-Roman literature in general, the idea of 'fittest' is inexistent. ------- Speranza -- Bordighera -------