I'll probably be up next night stupidly following your strange democratic system. Donal Apologies to Walter btw I'm still thinking of something decent enough to say in response to Walter's overly generous comments on a previous post of mine (I'm not that astute Walter, except maybe to the extent I believe you are genuine in suggesting some of my remarks may be). That the CatImp does not equal the Golden Rule is probably right, but how they may be related still troubles me, as does the CI itself as being explanatory of moral thinking. [My copy of Paton's book on this I haven't even yet located, and if I had would my duties included reading it (again)]? Nevertheless I do think that even if we agree (and even this is problematic) to treat 'like cases alike' we have the problem of characterising what makes them 'alike'. It might seem Plato's 'Theory of Forms' was at least an attempt to answer this (i.e. things are alike insofar as they are reflections of same Ideal Form) but no deeper answer has been forthcoming. The Popperian answer is (I guess) that 'alikeness' is _logically_ a matter of POV [i.e. the theory of 'similarity-in-_which_-respect' that underpins all our theories of 'likeness-ness' is a theory where the _which_ reflects a POV].[[This is a Kantian answer that many a Wittgensteinian might also agree to]]. I am tempted to elaborate on Popper's 'sovereignty' "paradoxes", not because they obviously address CI issues, but because they are striking in their own right:- e.g. democracy is wrongly conceived, according to Popper, as 'majority rules' - the right 'conception' of 'democracy' is that it is a system where we can get rid of misrule without violence. The primary aim of civilisation [and democracy is a step forward in civilisation in his view] is the reduction of violence (though he believes also we have at times to use violence to achieve this aim, and finds this not paradoxical in any avoidable way but simply part of the dilemmas facing humans who want to reduce violence). This is, I think, a truly profound conception of democracy - one shorn of its authoritarian strands and placed within a wider context of fallibilism and the 'critical approach' - that is, the fallibilism and critical approach that Popper uses to characterize science, he applies in his political philosophy. I hope your elections are characterised by little violence, and little manipulation and corruption. Respect to McCain but I want Obama to win. As to Palin, John Cleese has been quoted as saying "I used to think Michael was the funniest Palin." Best to everyone on the list, whatever their preferences. Whatever they are, there is no 'Hello again' to Bush. This, I believe, is good. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html