https://www.pnas.org/content/117/5/2354
[I am including only the abstract below. You need to look at the images
to get the value of the study.
links and images in online article]
Abstract
Safely achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement requires a
worldwide transformation to carbon-neutral societies within the next 30
y. Accelerated technological progress and policy implementations are
required to deliver emissions reductions at rates sufficiently fast to
avoid crossing dangerous tipping points in the Earth’s climate system.
Here, we discuss and evaluate the potential of social tipping
interventions (STIs) that can activate contagious processes of rapidly
spreading technologies, behaviors, social norms, and structural
reorganization within their functional domains that we refer to as
social tipping elements (STEs). STEs are subdomains of the planetary
socioeconomic system where the required disruptive change may take place
and lead to a sufficiently fast reduction in anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions. The results are based on online expert elicitation, a
subsequent expert workshop, and a literature review. The STIs that could
trigger the tipping of STE subsystems include
1) removing fossil-fuel subsidies and incentivizing decentralized energy
generation (STE1, energy production and storage systems),
2) building carbon-neutral cities (STE2, human settlements),
3) divesting from assets linked to fossil fuels (STE3, financial markets),
4) revealing the moral implications of fossil fuels (STE4, norms and
value systems),
5) strengthening climate education and engagement (STE5, education
system), and
6) disclosing information on greenhouse gas emissions (STE6, information
feedbacks).
Our research reveals important areas of focus for larger-scale empirical
and modeling efforts to better understand the potentials of harnessing
social tipping dynamics for climate change mitigation.
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