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9 Ways Multitasking is Killing Your Brain and Productivity, According to
Neuroscientists.
9 reasons why multitasking is bad for you.
By Mayo Oshin, Juggling ideas at the intersection of science, art and
philosophy. Trying to be less wrong and live a better life.
We’d like to think that we can multitask — respond to emails, text
messages, toggle between multiple tabs on a browser and scroll through
social media feeds, whilst working on important tasks — but, our brains
would say otherwise.
According to neuroscientists, our brains aren’t built to do more than
one thing at a time. And when we try to multitask, we damage our brains
in ways that negatively affect our well-being, mental performance and
productivity.
Here are nine ways multitasking is killing your brain and productivity.
1. Multitasking can lead to permanent brain damage
A study from the University of Sussex (UK) compared the brain structure
of participants with the amount of time they spent on media devices i.e.
texting or watching TV. [1]
The MRI scans of the participants, showed that the high multitaskers had
less brain density in the anterior cingulate cortex. This is the brain
region responsible for empathy and emotional control.
The lead researcher and neuroscientist, Kep Kee Loh, said, “I feel that
it is important to create an awareness that the way we are interacting
with the devices might be changing the way we think and these changes
might be occurring at the level of brain structure.”
The implication of their findings, is that multitasking, especially
involving the use of media devices, could permanently alter brain
structure after a long period of usage.
2. Multitasking reduces efficiency and mental performance
According to Earl Miller, a neuroscientist at MIT and one of the world’s
leading experts on human cognition, attention and learning, “when we
toggle between tasks, the process often feels seamless, but in reality,
it requires a series of small shifts.” [2]
Each small shift leads to a cognitive cost. For example, each time you
switch between responding to emails and writing an important paper,
you’re draining precious brain resources and energy.
Miller’s advice is to avoid multitasking, because “It ruins
productivity, causes mistakes, and impedes creative thought…. As humans,
we have a very limited capacity for simultaneous thought, we can only
hold a little bit of information in the mind at any single moment.”
To reinforce Miller’s point, another study conducted in the University
of California, discovered that it takes an average of 23 minutes and 15
seconds to refocus on a task after an interruption. [3]
And that’s just one interruption! Imagine the amount of time that could
go to waste from repetitive interruptions throughout a day.
Next time you’re about to switch between tasks, do the maths and keep
this in mind.
3. Multitasking reduces focus and concentration
According to neuroscientist and New York Times best-selling author
Daniel Levitin, “Multitasking creates a dopamine-addiction feedback
loop, effectively rewarding the brain for losing focus and for
constantly searching for external stimulation.”[4]
Levitin suggests that the same regions of the brain that we need to stay
focused on a task, are also easily distracted.
Each time we multitask — by browsing the internet, scrolling on social
media feeds, checking emails and so on — we train our brains to lose
focus and get distracted.
Here’s the bad news. Just like the effects of a drug, our brains can get
addicted to the dopamine rush from switching tasks and losing focus.
Once this happens, it becomes very difficult to break the cycle.
4. Multitasking could make you dumber
A study conducted by the University of London, found that participants
who multitasked, experienced drops in IQ points, down to the average
level of an 8-year old child. [5]
Next time you’re about to multitask, whilst writing an important email
or paper, think about the possibility that there wouldn’t be much
difference between the quality of your work and that of an 8-year-old child.
Studies have also shown that multitasking also hinders learning. In
2011, researchers, Reynol Junco and Shelia R. Cotton, published a study
on the effects of multitasking on academic performance.
They found that on average, students who used Facebook and responded to
texts, whilst doing schoolwork, had a lower GPA and grades, than those
who didn’t. [6]
The researchers noted that, “Human information processing is
insufficient for attending to multiple input streams and for performing
simultaneous tasks.”
Since quality focus and attention is required for learning, multitasking
hinders our ability to learn and interpret information effectively.
5. Multitasking creates stress and anxiety
Various studies have shown that multitasking increases our brain’s
production of cortisol, a hormone that creates stress.
Once we’re stressed and mentally fatigued, anxiety builds up. And this
leads to stress builds up. It’s a vicious cycle of constant stress and
anxiety.
But, not all multitasking activities are equally stressful. By far one
of the main stressors is email inbox. Excess cortisol is produced, when
we switch between reading and responding to emails.
If you struggle with stress and anxiety, declutter your email inbox as
soon as possible.
6. Multitasking kills creativity
Neuroscientist Earl Miller suggests that multitasking could hinder
creativity and innovation: “Innovative thinking, after all, comes from
extended concentration…. When you try to multitask, you typically don’t
get far enough down any road to stumble upon something original because
you’re constantly switching and backtracking.”
Creative juice is wasted by switching between tasks. And, breakthrough
ideas, which may have crossed your path, would pass you by, during
moments of multitasking.
7. Multitasking could reduce emotional intelligence
According to extensive research conducted by Travis Bradberry,
best-selling author and emotional intelligence expert, emotional
intelligence is a common trait within 90 percent of top performers in
any field. [7]
Bradberry suggests that multitasking could damage the part of the brain
— anterior cingulate cortex — responsible for emotional intelligence.
In addition, the two key components of emotional intelligence, self and
social awareness, could diminish significantly due to multitasking.
8. Multitasking causes overwhelm and burnout
According to neuroscientist Daniel Levitin, multitasking is taxing on
the brain and drains precious energy, “Asking the brain to shift
attention from one activity to another causes the prefrontal cortex and
striatum to burn up oxygenated glucose, the same fuel they need to stay
on task. And the kind of rapid, continual shifting we do with
multitasking causes the brain to burn through fuel so quickly that we
feel exhausted and disoriented after even a short time. We’ve literally
depleted the nutrients in our brain.”
If you’ve ever wondered why you feel constantly tired, even after a long
vacation or a good night of sleep, now you know why.
9. Multitasking leads to stupid decisions
Multitasking also hurts decision-making skills. By constantly switching
between tasks, precious “willpower muscle” is depleted.
This leads to the build up of decision fatigue, a psychological term
referring to the deterioration of quality decisions, after you’ve made a
long series of decisions.[8]
According to neuroscientist Daniel Levitin, multitasking could also lead
to impulsive behaviour and bad decisions, “One of the first things we
lose is impulse control. This rapidly spirals into a depleted state in
which, after making lots of insignificant decisions, we can end up
making truly bad decisions about something important.”
As a result, it becomes much harder to delay gratification and exercise
the level of self-control required to achieve our goals.
Protect Your Brain and Productivity
Your brain isn’t built to multitask and manage the barrage of
information it faces on a daily basis.
The best way to protect your brain is to practice single-taking. Focus
on one thing at a time and take breaks every hour and half to regain
your energy.
Work in a distraction free environment — keep phones and media devices
out of sight.
Multitasking feels good, but it isn’t worth your time, energy and
certainly, not your brain.
….
Mayo Oshin writes at MayoOshin.com, where he shares practical ideas
based on proven science and the habits of highly successful people for a
better life. To get strategies on how to stop procrastinating, improve
your productivity, decision-making and health, you can join his free
weekly newsletter here.
Footnotes
Ryota et al (2014). Higher media multi-tasking activity is
associated with smaller gray-matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex
Janssen et al. Integrating knowledge of multitasking and
interruptions across different perspectives and research methods.
Junco et al (2012). No A 4 U: The relationship between multitasking
and academic performance
Fun fact: Air traffic controllers are mandated to take a 15 to 30
minutes break, after every hour and half.