This question goes to everyone on this list and especailly to Dr. Thomas W. Shinder. I am about to install ISA Server 2004 on a Windows Server 2003. As a best practice (according to Microsoft) one has to install all service packs and security updates on the Windows Server 2003 before installing ISA Server 2004. I was reading Dr. Thomas Shinder's article dated August 16th, 2005 and entitled " Using the Windows Server 2003 Security Configuration Wizard to Harden the ISA Firewall" and he made a "Note" in this article saying "Make sure that ISA Server 2004 Service Pack 1 is installed on the ISA firewall before installing Windows Server 2003 SP1". I am a little bit confused as to how to go about the installation of ISA Server 2004. If I go ahead and follow Microsoft best practice, that means that after the installation of Windows Server 2003 on a new server, I have to install SP1 and any updates that came after SP1 for Windows Server 2003 before I go ahead and install ISA Server 2004 and the SP1 for ISA Server 2004. If I go ahead and follow what Dr. Shinder is saying in his article, that means after the installation of Windows Server 2003 on a new computer, I have to go ahead and install ISA Server 2004 and its SP1 before I install SP1 for Windows Server 2004. I need help here as to which way to go first. Thank you all. Tony