Robert B, as regards your Aspden-Adams motor, if I recall correctly, you stated that the motor if restarted within a minute or two of stopped, it would return to full speed using less input power than the original start from a long dead stop, in either direction. Thats a bummer! Its means we have a rotating force residual that acts in both directions, which is a contradiction in mechanical terms. If the Aspden capacitor I am currently considering has the electrical effect of opposite rotation of charges in the aether surrounding the motor rotor, it becomes a conditional response related to how the aether affects motion, (of the flywheel) rather than any normal electrical or magnetic reaction. Meaning: Maybe the effect could be tested by using a second motor drive mechanically connected to the first, to bring the first rotor (motor) back up to speed. This might help establish if it is purely a mechanical property. One could look at the generator action in the first motor as well. As we are dealing with permanent motors, I can assume this will generate if driven. Philip.