Thanks Martin Well I only recall his name from proposing the ionosphere, and the heavyside layer.. This was a surprise.. May I go on to be more critical.. Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 - February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis. Although at odds with the scientific establishment for most of his life, Heaviside changed the face of mathematics and science for years to come. surprisingly I never heard him getting the credit for this in my texts. Oliver Heaviside coined the following terms: a.. "electret" for the electric analogue of a permanent magnet, or, in other words, any substance that exhibits a quasi-permanent electric polarization (e.g. ferroelectric). b.. In September of 1885, "conductance" and "permeability". c.. In February of 1886, "inductance". d.. In July of 1886, "impedance". e.. In December of 1887, "admittance". f.. In May of 1888, "reluctance". g.. In June of 1887, Heaviside used the term "permittance" which later became susceptance. So I guess I'll just forgive him for being associated with Laplace transforms Do they do anything useful? Seems like a jargonistic secret society to isolate physics from the engineer...such as below explains, mathematics, the Laplace transform is a technique for analyzing linear time-invariant systems such as electrical circuits, harmonic oscillators, optical devices, and mechanical systems. Given a simple mathematical or functional description of an input or output to a system, the Laplace transform provides an alternative functional description that often simplifies the process of analyzing the behavior of the system, or in synthesizing a new system based on a set of specifications. The Laplace transform is an important concept from the branch of mathematics called functional analysis. So there we have it, however it is still unnecessary, as the following explains, In actual physical systems the Laplace transform is often interpreted as a transformation from the time-domain point of view, in which inputs and outputs are understood as functions of time, to the frequency-domain point of view, where the same inputs and outputs are seen as functions of complex angular frequency, or radians per unit time. But This transformation not only provides a fundamentally different way to understand the behavior of the system, but it also drastically reduces the complexity of the mathematical calculations required to analyze the system. I've been doing that quite naturally all my life, why does it have to be given a secret name like laplace transform??? Z transform Mellin transform and so on .. and so a really simple process of calculating the impedance of a capacitor from a given formular of the known physical parameters becomes secreted within mystical symbolism of the high priest: as: The constitutive relation governing the dynamic behavior of a capacitor is the following differential equation: where C is the capacitance (in farads) of the capacitor, i = i(t) is the electrical current (in amperes) flowing through the capacitor as a function of time, and v = v(t) is the voltage (in volts) across the terminals of the capacitor, also as a function of time. Taking the Laplace transform of this equation, we obtain where , , and Solving for V(s) we have The definition of the complex impedance Z (in ohms) is the ratio of the complex voltage V divided by the complex current I while holding the initial state Vo at zero: Using this definition and the previous equation, we find: which is the correct expression for the complex impedance of a capacitor. Like I said shades of guilds and secret societies.. Notice the regular use of "complex... " Yikes.. !!! Hide the physical truths in mystical mathmatical mumbo jumbo so the common people will think we is Gods.. Perhaps that is why Heavyside was hated by his peers.. Coming from a common electrician, he had no desire to be one of their High Priests. Heaviside developed the operational calculus (involving the D notation for the differential operator, which he is credited with creating), a method of solving differential equations by transforming them into ordinary algebraic equations which caused a great deal of controversy when first introduced, owing to the lack of rigour in his derivation of it. He famously said, "Mathematics is an experimental science, and definitions do not come first, but later on." He was replying to criticism over the use of operators that weren't clearly defined. On another occasion he stated somewhat more defensively, "I do not refuse my dinner simply because I do not understand the process of digestion." Philip. (In the morning too.) ----- Original Message ----- From: Martin G. Selbrede To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Friday, April 27, 2007 12:18 AM Subject: [geocentrism] Re: De Palma On Apr 26, 2007, at 3:06 AM, philip madsen wrote: They just aint like Tesla and Faraday and Edison etc. Never forget Oliver Heaviside, either. He independently derived E = mc^2 prior to Einstein doing so. As did Maxwell. Classically. He belongs in ANY serious list of real scientists. Martin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.463 / Virus Database: 269.6.1/777 - Release Date: 26/04/2007 3:23 PM