A cheat sheet is aka a crib (sheet) and pony. "Crib" seems to be derived from Greek krypt- = hidden. From whence "pony"? Perhaps from Hebrew peh-aiyin-nun-het Pi3NaX = to decipher, solve. See Genesis 41:45 for the name that Pharaoh gave to Joseph: TZaFNaS-Pa3Na:aX = one who reveals/understands hidden/secret things. < tzadi-feh-oo-nun TZaFooN = hidden, concealed, secret + peh-aiyin-nun-het Pi3NaX = to decipher, solve Sphinx may be based on this name. If so, it is a genuine meld or portmanteau. The FN in TZFNS and the PN in P3NX can coalesce to produce SPNX. However, pony can be a reversal of krypt => PRK with substitution of NY (Spanish enye ñ ) for RK. The change from R to N and G/K to Y (or vice-versa) may not have occurred simultaneously. There is a pervasive parallel between Spanish words containing ñ and words in other languages containing RG, RK or final RSH (because a final G is pronounced as SH in some German dialects ?). These parallels can be useful for vocabulary building when Spanish is the target or source language. Contact me off-list if you want a list of such words. This parallel occurs outside Spanish also. For example: DeutschmaRK // German moNeY < ME moneie < MF < L moneta (compare Hebrew mem-nun-heh = to count) saRCastic // sNi de [1860-65; orig. uncert.] iRK // anNoY (~ Heb aiyin-nun-oo-yod 3inoy = torture, afflict Gen 31:42) CRib sheet < Gk kryptós (hidden) // reverses to poNY (an illicit school aid) buRGeon // baNYan (tree) < Pg (?< Ar) < Gujarati vaniyo (~? bourse) goRGe // caNYon < Sp cañon < cañ(a) = tube < L canna = cane RuCKus ~ Heb resh-aiyin-shin ra3ash = noise // Noi se (not < L nausea) If the NI in ETNI became an RG, it would be an etrog. :-) Ciao, Izzy cohen.izzy@xxxxxxxxx