This email is somewhat simplified. The best way to teach a horse what whoa means is not to ask for it until they want to whoa. For example, working a young horse on a longe line. You take it out and it is fresh. It is counterproductive to work on stopping or perhaps even walking until the horse is relaxed. Let it truck around. Now work it some more. You can read in the body language that the horse would really like to stop. Keep it going. Finally say whoa. They will learn this real quickly. There is nothing magic about pulling on the reins that forces a horse to stop. Some will "run through" the pain (discomfort). They have to learn that if they respond to the pressure on their mouth, you will release and the pressure will cease (reward and punishment). For this reason, sometimes a harsher bit is the answer for a while. If you can't release because they are not giving, you have to have something that will allow you to release. If YOU don't release when they give, you are in even more trouble with the harsher bit. I have been watching the draft horse trainer on RFD, and she incorporates round pen work for her big horses. She is one gutsy lady. She hitches horses that seem half broke, and they are all about 2000 pounds. I am not recommending this, just commenting. Deryn Stewart Stewarts Driving & Dressage Ponca City, OK 74604 stewarts@xxxxxxxxxxxxx _________________________________________________________ To Unsubscribe, change to Digest or Vacation mode go to: http://www.drivingpairs.com/dpmem.html `````````````````````````````````````````````````````````