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|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2016‒04‒04
ten papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Racial Sorting and the Emergence of Segregation in American CitiesAllison
Shertzer; Randall P. Walsh
- Exposure to Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right: (Unexpected) Results
from AustriaSteinmayr, Andreas
- The evolution of immigration and asylum policy in Luxembourg: insights
from IMPALAMichel Beine; Bénédicte Souy
- Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration BarriersClemens, Michael A.;
Montenegro, Claudio; Pritchett, Lant
- Migration, Knowledge Diffusion and the Comparative Advantage of
NationsBahar, Dany; Rapoport, Hillel
- The Labor Supply of Undocumented ImmigrantsGeorge J. Borjas
- Urban cultural amenities and the migration of the creative classDalvai,
Wilfried
- Consumption and social integration: Empirical evidence for Chinese migrant
workersHuang, Xiaobing; Liu, Xiaolian
- Migration in Vietnam: New Evidence from Recent SurveysCoxhead, Ian; Vu,
Linh; Nguyen, Cuong
- Immigration, propriete d?entreprises et emploi au CanadaLiu, Huju; Picot,
Garnett; Green, David; Ostrovsky, Yuri
- Racial Sorting and the Emergence of Segregation in American Cities
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Allison Shertzer ; Randall P. Walsh |
| Residential segregation by race grew sharply in the United States as
black migrants from the South arrived in northern cities during the early
twentieth century. The existing literature emphasizes discriminatory
institutions as the driving force behind this rapid rise in segregation. Using
newly assembled neighborhood-level data, we instead focus on the role of
“flight” by whites, providing the first systematic evidence of the role that
prewar population dynamics played in the emergence of the American ghetto.
Leveraging exogenous changes in neighborhood racial composition, we show that
white departures in response to black arrivals were quantitatively large and
accelerated between 1900 and 1930. Our preferred estimates suggest that white
flight was responsible for 34 percent of the increase in segregation over the
1910s and 50 percent over the 1920s. Our analysis suggests that segregation
would likely have arisen in American cities even without the presence of
discriminatory institutions as a direct consequence of the widespread and
decentralized relocation decisions of white urban residents. |
| JEL: | J15 N32 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22077&r=mig ;|
- Exposure to Refugees and Voting for the Far-Right: (Unexpected) Results
from Austria
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Steinmayr, Andreas (University of Munich) |
| An important concern about the surge in the number of arriving refugees
in Europe is increased support for far-right, nationalist, anti-immigration
parties. This paper studies a natural experiment in an Austrian state to
identify the causal effect of exposure to refugees in the neighborhood on the
support for the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (FPOE). In the state
elections in September 2015 the FPOE doubled its vote share with a fierce
anti-asylum campaign. Since only 42 percent of Upper Austrian communities
hosted refugees at the time of the election, direct exposure to refugees varied
at the local level. To account for the potential endogeneity in the
distribution of refugees, I use pre-existing group accommodations as
instrumental variable. To cope with the sudden inflow of large numbers of
refugees, these buildings were used for refugee accommodation and thus strongly
increase the probability of refugee presence in the community. In line with the
contact hypothesis I find that hosting refugees in the community dampens the
positive overall trend and decreases FPOE support by 4.42 percentage points in
state elections. Further analysis using exit poll data reveals a positive
effect on the optimism in the population that the integration of refugees can
be managed. Placebo tests show that there were no effects in elections prior to
2015. |
| Keywords: | immigration, refugees, political economy, voting |
| JEL: | D72 J15 P16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9790&r=mig ;|
- The evolution of immigration and asylum policy in Luxembourg: insights
from IMPALA
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Michel Beine (CREA, Université du Luxembourg) ; Bénédicte Souy
(CREA, Université du Luxembourg) |
| This article presents and discusses the evolution of immigration policy
of Luxembourg concerning the entry of economic, family related and humanitarian
migrants. To that aim, we rely on some of the data of the IMPALA project that
codes from immigration laws the entry conditions in a set of immigration
countries. We focus on some entry tracks specific to skilled and unskilled
migrants and compare some of the conditions prevailing in Luxembourg with those
observed in France, the US and Australia. We also propose a narrative analysis
of the changes in the Luxembourgish regulation since the end of the 19th
Century. We show that Luxembourg has improved its immigration system over time
and follows mainly reforms introduced in the other European countries and at
the European level. |
| Keywords: | IMPALA project, Immigration policy, Asylum policy,
Luxembourgish regulation |
| JEL: | K F22 J08 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:16-02&r=mig ;|
- Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration Barriers
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Clemens, Michael A. (Center for Global Development) ;
Montenegro, Claudio (University of Chile) ; Pritchett, Lant (Harvard Kennedy
School) |
| Large international differences in the price of labor can be sustained
by differences between workers, or by natural and policy barriers to worker
mobility. We use migrant selection theory and evidence to place lower bounds on
the ad valorem equivalent of labor mobility barriers to the United States, with
unique nationally-representative microdata on both U.S. immigrant workers and
workers in their 42 home countries. The average price equivalent of migration
barriers in this setting, for low-skill males, is greater than $13,700 per
worker per year. Natural and policy barriers may each create annual global
losses of trillions of dollars. |
| Keywords: | migration, growth, impact, GDP, tariff, quota,
deadweight, cost, visa, barrier, price, wedge |
| JEL: | F22 J61 J71 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9789&r=mig ;|
- Migration, Knowledge Diffusion and the Comparative Advantage of Nations
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Bahar, Dany (Inter-American Development Bank) ; Rapoport,
Hillel (Paris School of Economics) |
| Do migrants shape the dynamic comparative advantage of their sending
and receiving countries? To answer this question we study the drivers of
knowledge diffusion by looking at the dynamics of the export basket of
countries, with particular focus on migration. The fact that knowledge
diffusion requires direct human interaction implies that the international
diffusion of knowledge should follow the pattern of international migration.
This is what this paper documents. Our main finding is that migration, and
particularly skilled immigration, is a strong and robust driver of productive
knowledge diffusion as measured by the appearance and growth of tradable goods
in the migrants' receiving and sending countries. We find that a 10% increase
in the stock of immigrants from countries exporters of a given product is
associated with a 2% increase in the likelihood that the host country will
start exporting that good "from scratch" in the following 10-year period. In
terms of ability to expand the export basket of countries, a migrant with
college education or above is about ten times more "effective" than an
unskilled migrant. The results are robust to accounting for shifts in
product-specific global demand, to excluding bilateral trade possibly generated
by network effects, as well as to instrumenting for migration using a gravity
model. |
| Keywords: | migration, knowledge diffusion, comparative advantage,
exports |
| JEL: | F14 F22 O33 D83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9788&r=mig ;|
- The Labor Supply of Undocumented Immigrants
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | George J. Borjas |
| The Department of Homeland Security estimates that 11.4 million
undocumented persons reside in the United States. Congress and President Obama
are considering a number of proposals to regularize the status of the
undocumented population and provide a “path to citizenship.” Any future change
in the immigration status of this group is bound to have significant effects on
the labor market, on the number of persons that qualify for various
government-provided benefits, on the timing of retirement, on the size of the
population receiving Social Security benefits, and on the funding of almost all
of these government programs. This paper provides a comprehensive empirical
study of the labor supply behavior of undocumented immigrants in the United
States. Using newly developed methods that attempt to identify undocumented
status for foreign-born persons sampled in the Current Population Surveys, the
empirical analysis documents a number of findings, including the fact that the
work propensity of undocumented men is much larger than that of other groups in
the population; that this gap has grown over the past two decades; and that the
labor supply elasticity of undocumented men is very close to zero, suggesting
that their labor supply is almost perfectly inelastic. |
| JEL: | J22 J6 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22102&r=mig ;|
- Urban cultural amenities and the migration of the creative class
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Dalvai, Wilfried |
| This paper models the migration of the Creative Class (Florida, 2003)
in a New-Economic-Geography framework. Beside wage differentials, urban
cultural amenities play an important role on the choice of location. A public
cultural good, financed by taxes, is introduced as an agglomeration force. The
public-good is purely consumed by skilled workers. Additionally urban cultural
diversity across cities is taken into account to model exogenous differences
between cities. I analyze the political equilibrium of tax competition.
Furthermore the effects of asymmetries of cities and trade liberalization is
examined. There is an optimal level of provision of public cultural goods. In
the dispersion-scenario the equilibrium tax rate for workers is hump-shaped
with respect to trade integration while for skilled workers it is u-shaped. In
the core-periphery scenario the equilibrium tax rate for the core decreases
with increasing trade freeness. |
| Keywords: | Creative Class,New Economic
Geography,Agglomeration,Urban Cultural Amenities,Public Cultural Goods,Tax
Competition |
| JEL: | F12 H87 J24 R1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:roswps:143&r=mig ;|
- Consumption and social integration: Empirical evidence for Chinese migrant
workers
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Huang, Xiaobing ; Liu, Xiaolian |
| This paper investigates the nexus between consumption and social
integration of Chinese migrant workers using survey data with 869 samples from
four Chinese provinces. The study suggests the following results: (1) Migrant
workers are less integrated in terms of psychological integration and cultural
integration, but they are strongly motivated to integrate into host societies;
(2) An increase in consumption is associated with an increase in the social
integration of migrant workers. This effect is stronger for new-generation
migrant workers and weaker for high-income migrant workers; (3) Entertainment
consumption plays the most important role in the social integration of migrant
workers, whereas the effect of housing consumption on social integration is
found to be negative; (4) Among all types of consumption behaviors, rational
consumption is beneficial to the social integration of migrant workers, whereas
impulsive consumption is harmful. The effects of economic consumption and
conspicuous consumption are not significant. |
| Keywords: | consumption,consumption behavior,migrant workers,social
integration |
| JEL: | F22 J15 D73 K42 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201611&r=mig ;|
- Migration in Vietnam: New Evidence from Recent Surveys
| Date: | 2016-03-20 |
| By: | Coxhead, Ian ; Vu, Linh ; Nguyen, Cuong |
| We investigate determinants of individual migration decisions in
Vietnam, a country with increasingly high levels of geographical labor
mobility. Using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS)
of 2012, we find that probability of migration is strongly associated with
individual, household and community-level characteristics. The probability of
migration is higher for young people and those with post-secondary education.
Migrants are more likely to be from households with better-educated household
heads, female-headed households, and households with higher youth dependency
ratios. Members of ethnic minority groups are much less likely to migrate,
other things equal. Using multinomial logit methods, we distinguish migration
by broad destination, and find that those moving to Ho Chi Minh City or Hanoi
have broadly similar characteristics and drivers of migration to those moving
to other destinations. We also use VHLSS 2012 together with VHLSS 2010, which
allows us to focus on a narrow cohort of recent migrants—those present in the
household in 2010, but who have moved away by 2012. This yields much tighter
results. For education below upper secondary school, the evidence on positive
selection by education is much stronger. However, the ethnic minority “penalty”
on spatial labor mobility remains strong and significant, even after
controlling for specific characteristics of households and communes. This lack
of mobility is a leading candidate to explain the distinctive persistence of
poverty among Vietnam’s ethnic minority populations, even as national poverty
has sharply diminished. |
| Keywords: | Migration, migration decision, remittances, household
survey, Vietnam. |
| JEL: | I0 O1 R2 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70217&r=mig ;|
- Immigration, propriete d?entreprises et emploi au Canada
| Date: | 2016-03-21 |
| By: | Liu, Huju ; Picot, Garnett ; Green, David ; Ostrovsky, Yuri |
| Le present document fournit pour la premiere fois un apercu de la
propriete d?entreprises par les immigrants, ainsi que de la creation d?emplois
qui en decoule au Canada. Cette recherche est possible en raison d?un nouvel
ensemble de donnees qui a ete cree et dans lequel le statut d?immigrant des
proprietaires d?entreprises peut etre determine. L?analyse est axee sur deux
types d?entreprises : les entreprises privees constituees en societe et les
travailleurs autonomes non constitues en societe . Les resultats sont presentes
pour les immigrants qui sont arrives au Canada depuis 1980 et qui se trouvaient
au pays en 2010, qui sont simplement designes ci-apres comme des immigrants au
Canada. En outre, on suit deux cohortes d?entree d?immigrants, afin de
determiner leur trajectoire en ce qui a trait a la propriete d?entreprises au
cours des cinq a dix premieres annees passees au Canada. |
| Keywords: | Business ownership, Business performance and ownership,
Ethnic diversity and immigration, Labour, Labour market and income, Workplace
organization, innovation, performance |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp3f:2016375f&r=mig ;|
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