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|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2016‒02‒29
fifteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Modeling and Measuring Information Asymmetry in the Context of Senegalese
Migrants' RemittancesMarlon Seror
- Heterogeneous immigrants and foreign direct investment: The role of
language skillsLücke, Matthias; Stöhr, Tobias
- Rejected Afghan asylum seekers in the Netherlands: Migration experiences,
current situations and future aspirationsKuschminder, Katie; Siegel, Melissa
- From immigrants to fundamentalists: Changing portrayals of Muslim
identities in EuropeOwers, Daphne
- Immigration and Innovation: Chinese Graduate Students in U.S.
UniversitiesPatrick Gaule; Mario Piacentini
- Moving to Shanghai: The massive internal migration to the first Chinese
megacity (1927-1937)Lei Shi
- Intergenerational Persistence of Health in the U.S.: Do Immigrants Get
Healthier as they Assimilate?Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude; Kugler, Adriana D.
- Integration of Ethnic Minorities: Do They Divorce as Natives
Do?Schultz-Nielsen, Marie Louise; Bonke, Jens
- The New Economic Case for Migration Restrictions: An AssessmentClemens,
Michael A.; Pritchett, Lant
- Trade, Migration, and the Place Premium: Mexico and the United States -
Working Paper 396Davide Gandolfi, Timothy Halliday, and Raymond Robertson
- Rural Bound: Determinants of Metro to Non-Metro Migration in the U.S.Anil
Rupasingha; Yongzheng Liu; Mark Partridge
- Commuting, migration and local employment elasticitiesFerninando Monte;
Stephen J. Redding; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
- Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Immigrants' Labour Market Outcomes: New
Evidence from Australian Household Panel DataHa Trong Nguyen; Alan Duncan
- Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Home Countries and Immigrants’ Wellbeing:
New Evidence from Down UnderHa Trong Nguyen; Alan Duncan
- Migration and development policies in a phase of labor shortage. The case
of San MarinoMichele Bruni
- Modeling and Measuring Information Asymmetry in the Context of Senegalese
Migrants' Remittances
| Date: | 2015-12 |
| By: | Marlon Seror (Paris School of Economics, Ecole Normale
Superieure and UMR DIAL IRD Paris) |
| Much optimism has been invested in the developmental role of migrants’
remittances as altruism and frequent interactions should facilitate investments
by migrants in their countries of origin. But geographical dispersion can
foster strategic behavior. We develop a model of transfers from the Senegalese
diaspora based on socio– anthropological evidence of remittances earmarked by
migrants for investments or expenditures by their households of origin,
especially durable assets. The model allows for information asymmetry and
monitoring by the migrant. It shows that it may be optimal for recipients to
behave strategically and we may observe systematic discrepancies between
recipients’ and senders’ reports of the goods to be financed by transfers.
Novel matched data enable us to test and find support for the model’s
predictions. |
| Keywords: | Asymmetric Information, International migration,
Remittances, Senegal |
| JEL: | D82 F22 F24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201523&r=mig ;|
- Heterogeneous immigrants and foreign direct investment: The role of
language skills
| Date: | 2015 |
| By: | Lücke, Matthias ; Stöhr, Tobias |
| We investigate the interplay of language skills and immigrant stocks in
determining bilateral FDI out-stocks of OECD reporting countries. Applying a
Poisson panel estimator to 2004-2011 data, we find a robust positive effect of
bilateral immigrants on bilateral FDI - provided that residents of the two
countries have few language skills in common. We find a similar effect for
immigrants from third countries that speak the language(s) of the FDI host
country, making them potential substitutes for bilateral migrants. Our findings
suggest that immigrants facilitate outgoing FDI through their language skills,
rather than through other characteristics like cultural familiarity. |
| Keywords: | migration,FDI,foreign languages,globalization |
| JEL: | F21 F22 O14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2009&r=mig ;|
- Rejected Afghan asylum seekers in the Netherlands: Migration experiences,
current situations and future aspirations
| Date: | 2016-01-26 |
| By: | Kuschminder, Katie (UNU-MERIT, MGSoG, Maastricht University) ;
Siegel, Melissa (UNU-MERIT, MGSoG, Maastricht University) |
| Afghans have been a central asylum seeking group in Europe, and
specifically the Netherlands since the conflict in Afghanistan escalated in the
1990s. Many of the Afghan asylum seekers in the Netherlands since 2001 receive
a negative decision on their asylum request, however, do not leave the
Netherlands and continue to live irregularly. This paper provides a descriptive
exploration of the experiences of Afghan migrants with regard to their journeys
to the Netherlands and while living irregularly in the Netherlands. The paper
is based on 47 interviews conducted with Afghans living irregularly in the
Netherlands and 11 key stakeholder interviews, which were conducted from
2013-2014. The findings discuss the complexity of Afghan migration movements
including root causes and transit experiences, the factors influencing the
destination choice of the Netherlands, reception experiences and future
aspirations. |
| Keywords: | Asylum seekers, Migration, Irregular migration,
Afghanistan, The Netherlands |
| JEL: | F22 J13 J15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2016007&r=mig ;|
- From immigrants to fundamentalists: Changing portrayals of Muslim
identities in Europe
| Date: | 2015 |
| By: | Owers, Daphne |
| This article aims to establish how Muslim identities in Germany have
been constructed by others and how they differ from realities. Muslim
communities have often been viewed with suspicion by majority ethnic groups in
European nation states, but even more so since the 9/11 terrorist attacks in
2001. Islamophobia has had negative consequences in European societies - people
with MENA roots are often essentialised as a homogenous group of overtly
religious Muslims. The simplistic nexus of failed integration, Islamic
fundamentalism and home-grown extremism fails to question the discriminatory
backdrop of integration policies in European nation states and does not explain
why only a tiny minority of Muslims participate in Islamist groups. Hard
multiculturalism has been used to essentialise Muslims and claim that they
segregate themselves and are resistant to integrating into European societies.
Those who advocate for stricter assimilation and anti-immigration policies
exploit the supposed 'failure of multiculturalism'. A progressive form of
multiculturalism could reconcile diversity with universal rights and gender
equality and give political space to ethnic minorities. Mainstream portrayals
of Muslim identities shape and perpetuate public attitudes and policies. This
article explores the impacts that Orientalism, Islamophobia and assimilationist
policies have had on shaping these portrayals. A more nuanced understanding of
the diversity of Muslim communities is key for establishing an accurate picture
of contemporary Muslim life in Europe, for unravelling Islamophobic myths, and
for suggesting policy which could both recognize and accommodate diversity. |
| Keywords: |
Muslim,Islam,Europe,Germany,immigrant,fundamentalism,identity,multiculturalism,integration,assimilation,Islamophobia
|
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:522015&r=mig ;|
- Immigration and Innovation: Chinese Graduate Students in U.S. Universities
| Date: | 2015-01 |
| By: | Patrick Gaule ; Mario Piacentini |
| Immigration is rapidly changing the composition of the R&D workforce in
the United States. We study here Chinese chemists and chemical engineers who
migrate to the United States for their graduate studies. We analyze
productivity at the individual researcher level, thus bypassing the
identification issues that earlier studies had to confront when analyzing the
relationship between immigration and innovation at the university or firm
level. Using new data and measurement techniques, we find robust evidence that
Chinese students make disproportionate contributions to the scientific output
of their advisors and departments. We attribute this result to a selection
effect as it is relatively more difficult for Chinese students to gain
admission to U.S. PhD programs. Our results strengthen the case for liberal
student migration policies. |
| Keywords: | high-skilled migration; students; universities; China; |
| JEL: | F22 I23 O15 O33 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cer:papers:wp529&r=mig ;|
- Moving to Shanghai: The massive internal migration to the first Chinese
megacity (1927-1937)
| Date: | 2015-07 |
| By: | Lei Shi (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) |
| As a result of the massive rural-urban migration, Shanghai transformed
from a small costal city into the largest metropolis in China. During Nanjing
Government Era (1927-1937), more than one million immigrants flocked into
Shanghai and formed almost 80% of its population. Relying on the official
statistics published by Nanjing Government and the historical archives and
surveys, this article is one of the first attempts to quantify the population
of Shanghai and the internal migration during the Republican China, and to
analyze the characteristics of the immigrants to Shanghai. The study shows that
the majority of the immigrants were young males from nearby rural areas. There
was a high geographical concentration of the immigrants and existed the
segmentation in the labour market and social status. The Great Depression had a
late influence to China’s economy, and after 1932 large number of rural workers
lost jobs, and the rate of immigration to Shanghai reduced. The industrial
development and employment opportunities brought by migrants are the most
important reason to attract people to Shanghai. |
| Keywords: | rural-urban migration, industrialization, China, Great
Depression. |
| JEL: | J61 N45 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:1510&r=mig ;|
- Intergenerational Persistence of Health in the U.S.: Do Immigrants Get
Healthier as they Assimilate?
| Date: | 2016-02 |
| By: | Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude ; Kugler, Adriana D. |
| It is well known that a substantial part of income and education is
passed on from parents to children, generating substantial persistence in
socio-economic status across generations. In this paper, we examine whether
another form of human capital, health, is also largely transmitted from
generation to generation, contributing to limited socio-economic mobility.
Using data from the NLSY, we first present new evidence on intergenerational
transmission of health outcomes in the U.S., including weight, height, the body
mass index (BMI), asthma and depression for both natives and immigrants. We
show that both native and immigrant children inherit a prominent fraction of
their health status from their parents, and that, on average, immigrants
experience higher persistence than natives in weight and BMI. We also find that
mothers’ education decreases children’s weight and BMI for natives, while
single motherhood increases weight and BMI for both native and immigrant
children. Finally, we find that the longer immigrants remain in the U.S., the
less intergenerational persistence there is and the more immigrants look like
native children. Unfortunately, the more generations immigrant families remain
in the U.S., the more children of immigrants resemble natives’ higher weights,
higher BMI and increased propensity to suffer from asthma. |
| Keywords: | health status; immigrants; intergenerational mobility |
| JEL: | I12 I14 J61 J62 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11100&r=mig ;|
- Integration of Ethnic Minorities: Do They Divorce as Natives Do?
| Date: | 2016-02 |
| By: | Schultz-Nielsen, Marie Louise (Rockwool Foundation Research
Unit) ; Bonke, Jens (Rockwool Foundation Research Unit) |
| We investigate the divorce patterns among non‐Western immigrants and
natives in Denmark. We focus on marriages entered on or after arrival to
Denmark and analyze whether inter‐ethnic marriages result in higher divorce
rates and whether divorce behavior differs between first- and second‐generation
immigrants and native couples. We show that inter‐ethnic couples (one native,
one immigrant) in general are more likely to divorce than native couples (two
natives), while co-ethnic couples (two immigrants) are less likely to divorce,
when controlling for differences in socioeconomic characteristics. In
particular, co‐ethnic couples composed of a first‐ and second‐generation
immigrant are less likely to divorce, while the divorce probability is the
highest among inter‐ethnic couples composed of a native woman and a
first-generation immigrant man. The analyses are based on register information
from Statistics Denmark for the years 1990–2014. |
| Keywords: | inter‐ and co‐ethnic marriage and divorce |
| JEL: | J12 J15 D13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9727&r=mig ;|
- The New Economic Case for Migration Restrictions: An Assessment
| Date: | 2016-02 |
| By: | Clemens, Michael A. (Center for Global Development) ;
Pritchett, Lant (Harvard Kennedy School) |
| For decades, migration economics has stressed the effects of migration
restrictions on income distribution in the host country. Recently the
literature has taken a new direction by estimating the costs of migration
restrictions to global economic efficiency. In contrast, a new strand of
research posits that migration restrictions could be not only desirably
redistributive, but in fact globally efficient. This is the new economic case
for migration restrictions. The case rests on the possibility that without
tight restrictions on migration, migrants from poor countries could transmit
low productivity ("A" or Total Factor Productivity) to rich countries –
offsetting efficiency gains from the spatial reallocation of labor from low to
high-productivity places. We provide a novel assessment, proposing a simple
model of dynamically efficient migration under productivity transmission and
calibrating it with new macro and micro data. In this model, the case for
efficiency-enhancing migration barriers rests on three parameters:
transmission, the degree to which origin-country total factor productivity is
embodied in migrants; assimilation, the degree to which migrants' productivity
determinants become like natives' over time in the host country; and
congestion, the degree to which transmission and assimilation change at higher
migrant stocks. On current evidence about the magnitudes of these parameters,
dynamically efficient policy would not imply open borders but would imply
relaxations on current restrictions. That is, the new efficiency case for some
migration restrictions is empirically a case against the stringency of current
restrictions. |
| Keywords: | immigration, migration, migrant, wages, impact,
globalization, labor, GDP, productivity |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9730&r=mig ;|
- Trade, Migration, and the Place Premium: Mexico and the United States -
Working Paper 396
| Date: | 2015-03 |
| By: | Davide Gandolfi, Timothy Halliday, and Raymond Robertson |
| TLarge wage differences between countries (“place premiums”) are well
documented. Theory suggests that factor price convergence should follow
increased migration, capital flows, and commercial integration. All three have
characterized the relationship between the United States and Mexico over the
last 25 years. This paper evaluates the degree of wage convergence between
these countries during the period 1988 and 2011. We match survey and census
data from Mexico and the United States to estimate the change in wage
differentials for observationally identical workers over time. We find very
little evidence of convergence. What evidence we do find is most likely due to
factors unrelated to US-Mexico integration. While migration and trade
liberalization may reduce the US-Mexico wage differential, these effects are
small when compared to the overall wage gap. |
| Keywords: | Migration, Labor-market Integration, Factor Price
Equalization |
| JEL: | F15 F16 J31 F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:396&r=mig ;|
- Rural Bound: Determinants of Metro to Non-Metro Migration in the U.S.
| Date: | 2014-06-28 |
| By: | Anil Rupasingha (Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta) ; Yongzheng
Liu (Renmin University of China) ; Mark Partridge (Ohio State University) |
| A general global precept is that agglomeration forces lead to migration
from rural to urban areas. Yet, for much of the period since the early 1970s,
more people moved from metro to nonmetro U.S. counties. The underlying causes
of this pattern have changed over time with economic shocks and changing
household preferences. For instance, the post 2000 period has seen a
significant decline in domestic migration rates, significant increase in
commodity prices that favor rural areas, and potential changes in the valuation
of natural amenities that would affect migration. This study investigates the
determinants of U.S. gross migration from metro to nonmetro counties and
nonmetro to metro counties for the 1995-2000 and 2005-2009 periods in order to
compare the differences in rural to urban and urban to rural migration as well
as compare the 1990s to the 2005 to 2009 periods. The paper uses (1) extensive
county-to-county migration flows and (2) uses the utility maximization theory
that extends the framework of discrete choice model. The results show that
population density, distance to urban areas, industry mix employment growth,
natural amenities, and percent of older people are key factors underlying these
migration patterns. We also find a slight fading of effects of natural
amenities and population density and slight increase in the effects of wage and
employment growth during 2005 to 2009 period. |
| Keywords: | metro to nonmetro migration, urban to rural migration,
county-to-county migration, natural amenities |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1426&r=mig ;|
- Commuting, migration and local employment elasticities
| Date: | 2015-11 |
| By: | Ferninando Monte ; Stephen J. Redding ; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg
|
| Many changes in the economic environment are local, including policy
changes and infrastructure investments. The effect of these changes depends
crucially on the ability of factors to move in response. Therefore a key object
of interest for policy evaluation and design is the elasticity of local
employment to these changes in the economic environment. We develop a
quantitative general equilibrium model that incorporates spatial linkages
between locations in goods markets (trade) and factor markets (commuting and
migration). We find substantial heterogeneity across locations in local
employment elasticities. We show that this heterogeneity can be well explained
with theoretically motivated measures of commuting flows. Without taking into
account this dependence, estimates of the local employment elasticity for one
location are not generalizable to other locations. We also find that commuting
flows and their importance cannot be accounted for with standard measures of
size or wages at the county or commuting zone levels. |
| Keywords: | commuting; migration and local employment elasticities |
| JEL: | F16 J6 J61 R0 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:65006&r=mig ;|
- Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Immigrants' Labour Market Outcomes: New
Evidence from Australian Household Panel Data
| Date: | 2015-03 |
| By: | Ha Trong Nguyen (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin
University) ; Alan Duncan (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University)
|
| We present new and robust evidence that, unlike immigrants in the US,
those in Australia as a whole do not reduce their yearly labour market utcomes
when the local currency appreciates. While female immigrants don’t adjust their
actual labour activities, they do desire to work more when the Australian
dollar appreciates. By contrast, male immigrants reduce their weekly work
intensity by participating less in full-time employment in response to an
Australian dollar appreciation. We also present significant and heterogeneous
impacts of exchange rates by gender and socio-economic backgrounds of
immigrants and labour market outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Exchange rate, Labour supply, Immigrants, Australia |
| JEL: | F31 J22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ozl:bcecwp:wp1503&r=mig ;|
- Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Home Countries and Immigrants’ Wellbeing:
New Evidence from Down Under
| Date: | 2015-03 |
| By: | Ha Trong Nguyen (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin
University) ; Alan Duncan (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University)
|
| In this paper we provide the first solid empirical evidence that
improvements in home countries’ macroeconomic conditions, as measured by a
higher GDP per capita and lower price levels, increase immigrants’ subjective
well-being. We demonstrate this using 12 years of data from the Household
Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel, as well as macroeconomic
indicators for 59 countries of origin, and exploiting exogenous changes in
macroeconomic conditions across home countries over time. Controlling for
immigrants’ observable and unobservable characteristics we also find the
positive GDP impact is statistically significant and economically large in
size. Furthermore, the GDP and price impact erodes when immigrants get older,
or when they stay in the host country beyond a certain period of time. However,
home countries’ unemployment rates and exchange rate fluctuations have no
impact on immigrants’ well-being. |
| Keywords: | GDP, Unemployment, Inflation, Exchange Rate, Well-being,
Immigrants, Australia |
| JEL: | I31 J15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ozl:bcecwp:wp1502&r=mig ;|
- Migration and development policies in a phase of labor shortage. The case
of San Marino
| Date: | 2016-02 |
| By: | Michele Bruni |
| The paper provides a stock-flow analysis of San Marino labor market in
the framework of the demographic evolution of the country. The research covers
the period 2003-2013 during which WAP was declining under the impact of the
Demographic transition, while the economy of the country was first affected by
a notable economic expansion and then by a deep crisis. After presenting
jointly build labor market and demographic scenarios, the paper outlines some
demographic and development policies that could be of interest in the incoming
dialogue with EU. |
| Keywords: | San Marino, demographic transition, migration, labor
market, stock-flow analysis, scenarios, migration policy, development policy |
| JEL: | J11 J2 J61 O14 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mod:cappmo:0130&r=mig ;|
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