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Subject: [nep-mig] 2015-12-12, 6 papers
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|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2015‒12‒12
six papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Toward a European Migration and Mobility UnionJacob Funk Kirkegaard
- Spillovers from immigrant diversity in citiesThomas Kemeny; Abigail Cooke
- The Migration Response to Increasing TemperaturesCristina Cattaneo;
Giovanni Peri
- Is internal migration slowing? An analysis of four decades of NHSCR
records for England and WalesTony Champion; Ian Shuttleworth
- Are people moving home less? An analysis of address changing in England
and Wales, 1971-2011, using the ONS longitudinal studyTony Champion; Ian
Shuttleworth
- Human Capital Persistence and DevelopmentRudi Rocha; Claudio Ferraz;
Rodrigo R. Soares
- Toward a European Migration and Mobility Union
| Date: | 2015-12 |
| By: | Jacob Funk Kirkegaard (Peterson Institute for International
Economics) |
| After surviving its worst economic downturn since the Great Depression
and the near collapse of its common currency, Europe is now engulfed by
hundreds of thousands of desperate migrants and refugees from the Middle East
and Africa. It needs new and permanent migration institutions and resources not
only to accommodate the influx of refugees but also to set up a new border
control system throughout the region. These demands pose a challenge for
European policymaking as serious as the euro crisis of the last five years.
Kirkegaard proposes a migration and mobility union, to be implemented
gradually, with the goal of comprehensively reforming European migration
policy. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb15-23&r=mig |
- Spillovers from immigrant diversity in cities
| Date: | 2015-06 |
| By: | Thomas Kemeny ; Abigail Cooke |
| Using comprehensive longitudinal matched employer-employee data for the
U.S., this paper provides new evidence on the relationship between productivity
and immigration-spawned urban diversity. Existing empirical work has uncovered
a robust positive correlation between productivity and immigrant diversity,
supporting theory suggesting that diversity acts as a local public good that
makes workers more productive by enlarging the pool of knowledge available to
them, as well as by fostering opportunities for them to recombine ideas to
generate novelty. This paper makes several empirical and conceptual
contributions. First, it improves on existing empirical work by addressing
various sources of potential bias, especially from unobserved heterogeneity
among individuals, work establishments, and cities. Second, it augments
identification by using longitudinal data that permits examination of how
diversity and productivity co-move. Third, the paper seeks to reveal whether
diversity acts upon productivity chiefly at the scale of the city or the
workplace. Findings confirm that urban immigrant diversity produces positive
and nontrivial spillovers for U.S. workers. This social return represents a
distinct channel through which immigration generates broad-based economic
benefits. |
| Keywords: | immigrants; diversity; productivity; spillovers; cities |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O18 O4 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:64616&r=mig |
- The Migration Response to Increasing Temperatures
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Cristina Cattaneo (FEEM and CMCC) ; Giovanni Peri (University
of California, Davis) |
| Climate change, especially the warming trend experienced by several
countries, could affect agricultural productivity. As a consequence, rural
incomes will change, and with them the incentives for people to remain in rural
areas. Using data from 116 countries between 1960 and 2000, we analyze the
effect of differential warming trends across countries on the probability of
either migrating out of the country or from rural to urban areas. We find that
higher temperatures increased migration rates to urban areas and other
countries in middle income economies. In poor countries, higher temperatures
reduced the probability of migration to cities or to other countries,
consistent with the presence of severe liquidity constraints. In middle-income
countries, migration represents an important margin of adjustment to global
warming, potentially contributing to structural change and even increasing
income per worker. Such a mechanism, however, does not seem to work in poor
economies. |
| Keywords: | Global Warming, Emigration, Rural-Urban Migration,
Agricultural Productivity |
| JEL: | F22 Q54 O13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2015.87&r=mig |
- Is internal migration slowing? An analysis of four decades of NHSCR
records for England and Wales
| Date: | 2015-07 |
| By: | Tony Champion ; Ian Shuttleworth |
| This paper is prompted by the widespread acceptance that the rates of
inter-county and inter-state migration have been falling in the USA and sets
itself the task of examining whether this decline in migration intensities is
also the case in the UK. It uses the inter-area migration matrices available
for England and Wales from the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR)
which provides continuous monitoring since the 1970s by broad age group. The
main methodological challenge, arising from changes in the geography of health
areas for which the inter-area flows are given, is addressed by adopting the
lowest common denominator of 80 areas. Care is also taken to allow for the
effect of business cycles in producing short-term fluctuations on migration
rates and to isolate the effect of a sharp rise in rates for 16-24 year olds in
the 1990s, which is presumed to be related to the expansion of the university
sector. The findings suggest that, unlike for the USA, there has not been a
substantial decline in the intensity of internal migration between the first
two decades of the study period and the second two. While there was a 3 per
cent reduction in the overall rate of migration between the regions of England
and Wales between 1975-1990 and 1996-2011 (omitting the 16-24s), the rate for
within-region moves between areas was some 10 per cent higher in the latter
period. The main evidence for decline relates to particular age groups of
between-region migration, where the rate for those aged 65 and over shrank by a
quarter and that for 0-15 year olds was down by a tenth. In general, however,
if there has been any major decline in the intensity of address changing in
England and Wales, it can only be for the shortest-distance (within area) moves
that the NHSCR does not record. |
| Keywords: | internal migration; migration intensity; between-area
moves; long-term trend; England and Wales |
| JEL: | J11 J61 O15 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:64617&r=mig |
- Are people moving home less? An analysis of address changing in England
and Wales, 1971-2011, using the ONS longitudinal study
| Date: | 2015-07 |
| By: | Tony Champion ; Ian Shuttleworth |
| Expectations of migration and mobility steadily increasing in the
longer term, which have a long currency in migration theory and related social
science, are at odds with the latest US research showing a marked decline in
internal migration rates. Given the similarity in demographic, economic and
social trends between the USA and the UK, this paper reports the results of
research that investigates whether the latter has been experienced any similar
change in more recent decades. Using the Office for National Statistics
Longitudinal Study (ONS-LS) of linked census records, it examines the evidence
provided by its 10-year migration indicator, with particular attention to a
comparison of the first and latest decades available, 1971-1981 and 2001-2011.
This suggests that, as in the USA, there has been a marked reduction in the
level of shorter-distance (less than 10km) moving that has involved almost all
types of people. In contrast to this and to US experience, however, the
propensity of people to make longer-distance address changes between decennial
censuses has declined much less, though the 2.6% fall between the 1970s and the
2000s may be an underestimate owing to the inclusion of moves to and from
university in the latest decade. This finding is consistent with the results of
a companion study which analysed data on migration between the health areas of
England and Wales (Champion and Shuttleworth, 2015). There is therefore a
strong case for now probing the causes of the sharp reduction in
shorter-distance moving in Britain as well as the USA, as well as for
investigating why the two countries differ in terms of their experience of
longer-distance migration trends. |
| Keywords: | internal migration; migration intensity; long-term
trend; England and Wales; longitudinal study; microdata |
| JEL: | J11 J61 O15 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:64618&r=mig |
- Human Capital Persistence and Development
| Date: | 2015 |
| By: | Rudi Rocha ; Claudio Ferraz ; Rodrigo R. Soares |
| This paper examines the role of human capital persistence in explaining
long-term development. We exploit variation induced by a state-sponsored
settlement policy that attracted a pool of immigrants with higher levels of
schooling to particular regions of Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th
century. We show that municipalities that received settlements experienced
increases in schooling that persisted over time. One century after the policy,
localities that received state-sponsored settlements had higher levels of
schooling and income per capita. We provide evidence that long-run effects were
driven by persistently higher supply and use of educational inputs and shifts
in the structure of occupations towards skill-intensive sectors. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ioe:clabwp:22&r=mig |
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