[colombiamigra] Fw: [nep-mig] 2013-02-03, 13 papers
- From: william mejia <wmejia8a@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: "colombiamigra@xxxxxxxxxxxxx" <colombiamigra@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Sun, 3 Feb 2013 20:31:35 -0800 (PST)
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From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
To: nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Sunday, February 3, 2013 11:20 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2013-02-03, 13 papers
Final
NEP: New Economics Papers
Economics of Human Migration
Edited by: Yuji Tamura
Australian National University
Issue date: 2013-02-03
Papers: 13
Note: Access to full contents may be restricted.
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of Wellington.
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In this issue we have:
1. Visa Policies, Networks and the Cliff at the Border
Bertoli, Simone; Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús
2. Returning Home at Times of Trouble? Return Migration of EU
Enlargement Migrants during the Crisis
Zaiceva, Anzelika; Zimmermann, Klaus F.
3. On the Interdependence of Illegal and Legal Immigration
Moritz Bonn
4. Immigrant skills and employment. Cross-country evidence from the
Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
Bernt Bratsberg, Torbjørn Hægeland and Oddbjørn Raaum
5. A two-country model of high skill migration with public education
Claire Naiditch; Radu Vranceanu
6. The Value of Earning for Learning: Performance Bonuses in Immigrant
Language Training
Aslund, Olof; Engdahl, Mattias
7. Wage Growth through Job Hopping in China
Ariga, Kenn; Ohtake, Fumio; Sasaki, Masaru; Wu, Zheren
8. The Theory of Interhybridity: Socio-political Dimensions and
Migration Experiences of Post-communist Western Balkan States
Aliu, Armando
9. The Impacts of Social Networks on Immigrants’ Employment Prospects:
The Spanish Case 1997-2007
Luciana Méndez Errico
10. The Determinants of International Migration in the European Union:
An Empirical Analysis
Ekaterina Sprenger
11. The European Crisis and Migration to Germany: Expectations and the
Diversion of Migration Flows
Simone Bertoli; Herbert Brücker; Jesus Fernández-Huertas Moraga
12. International migration, human capital formation, and saving
Stark, Oded; Dorn, Agnieszka
13. Return Migration of Foreign Students
Govert Bijwaard; Qi Wang
Contents.
1. Visa Policies, Networks and the Cliff at the Border
Date: 2012-12
By: Bertoli, Simone (CERDI, University of Auvergne)
Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús (FEDEA, Madrid)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7094&r=mig
The scale of international migration flows depends on moving costs that are, in
turn, influenced by host-country policies and by the size of migrant networks
at destination. This paper estimates the influence of visa policies and
networks upon bilateral migration flows to multiple destinations. We rely on a
Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator to derive estimates that are
consistent under more general distributional assumptions on the underlying RUM
model than the ones commonly adopted in the literature. We derive bounds for
the estimated direct and indirect effects of visa policies and networks that
reflect the uncertainty connected to the use of aggregate data, and we show
that bilateral migration flows can be highly sensitive to the immigration
policies set by other destination countries, an externality that we are able to
quantify.
Keywords: international migration, networks, visa policies, multiple
destinations, externalities
JEL: F22
2. Returning Home at Times of Trouble? Return Migration of EU
Enlargement Migrants during the Crisis
Date: 2012-12
By: Zaiceva, Anzelika (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)
Zimmermann, Klaus F. (IZA and University of Bonn)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7111&r=mig
The eastern enlargements of the EU in 2004 and 2007 have stimulated the
mobility of workers from the new EU8 and EU2 countries. A significant
proportion of these migrants stayed abroad only temporarily, and the Great
recession may have triggered return intentions. However, a return may be
postponed if the economic situation in a sending region is persistently worse.
This paper documents emerging evidence on return migration in post-enlargement
Europe combining several data sources to describe the characteristics and
selection of the returnees, as well as the determinants of return migration and
potential re-migration decisions. The findings suggest that brain circulation
rather than brain drain is relevant for several new member states and that
returnees are most likely to migrate again. Moreover, the proportion of
potential movers is larger in countries most affected by the crisis. Repeat and
circular migration is expected to alleviate the potential
negative impacts of the crisis, leading to a more efficient allocation of
resources within the enlarged EU.
Keywords: return migration, EU Eastern enlargement, economic crisis
JEL: F22
3. On the Interdependence of Illegal and Legal Immigration
Date: 2013
By: Moritz Bonn (University of Siegen)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:201301&r=mig
15 pages
Keywords: Illegal Immigration, Fiscal Contribution, Immigration Policy
JEL: F22
4. Immigrant skills and employment. Cross-country evidence from the
Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
Date: 2013-01
By: Bernt Bratsberg, Torbjørn Hægeland and Oddbjørn Raaum (Statistics Norway)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:730&r=mig
This paper studies the distributions of literacy skills, education, and
employment of immigrants and natives in three host countries: Canada, the
United States, and Norway. For natives, we uncover remarkably stable relations
between literacy skills, schooling, and employment across countries. For
immigrants, the relations differ strongly: whereas literacy skills form only a
weak determinant of immigrant employment in the North American labor markets,
in Norway literacy is much more important for immigrant than native employment.
We investigate various sources of this discrepancy and fail to uncover evidence
that the finding reflects differential immigrant sorting across host countries.
Instead, results show that literacy skills are particularly important for
groups characterized by low employment in the Norwegian labor market,
consistent with the hypothesis that a compressed wage structure, employment
protection, and social insurance with high
replacement ratios create adverse employment effects for immigrants.
Keywords: Immigrants; literacy skills; employment
JEL: J15
5. A two-country model of high skill migration with public education
Date: 2013-01-21
By: Claire Naiditch (Laboratoire économie quantitative intégration politiques
publiques économétrie - Université de Lille 1)
Radu Vranceanu (Economics Department - ESSEC Business School)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00779716&r=mig
This paper proposes a two-country model of migration in a transferable skill
sector, where workers education is provided free of charge by governments. We
study
firstly the non-cooperative equilibrium where the poor country decides
on the education level and the rich country decides on the quota of skilled
migrants. Additional migration raises earnings prospects in the source country
and attracts more talented people to that profession, what we refer to as the
sector-speci
c brain gain e¤ect. This game presents a single stable equilibrium
with positive migration. Compared to the cooperative equilibrium, in the
non-cooperative equilibrium the poor country systematically under-invests in
education. Whether migration is too strong or too weak depends on the size of
the brain gain e¤ect. Furthermore, the size of the welfare gain to be reaped by
moving from non-cooperative to the cooperative organization of migration also
depends on the strength of the
sector-speci
c brain gain.
Keywords: High-skill migration ; Brain-gain ; Public education ; Human capital
; Government
6. The Value of Earning for Learning: Performance Bonuses in Immigrant
Language Training
Date: 2012-12
By: Aslund, Olof (IFAU)
Engdahl, Mattias (Uppsala University)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7118&r=mig
We study the effects of performance bonuses in immigrant language training for
adults. A Swedish policy pilot conducted in 2009-2010 gave a randomly assigned
group of municipalities the right to grant substantial cash bonuses to recently
arrived migrants. The results suggest substantial effects on average student
achievement. But these were fully driven by metropolitan areas; in other parts
of Sweden performance was unaffected. The relative effects were larger for
younger students but similar for men and women, and present for migrants from
different parts of the world. The bonus had a less clear impact on enrollment,
but there are indications that it may have increased the probability of
progressing to bonus-awarding courses in metropolitan areas.
Keywords: immigration, language training, performance bonus
JEL: J08
7. Wage Growth through Job Hopping in China
Date: 2012-12
By: Ariga, Kenn (Kyoto University)
Ohtake, Fumio (Osaka University)
Sasaki, Masaru (Osaka University)
Wu, Zheren (Kinki University)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7104&r=mig
This paper uses a unique survey of the Chinese youth to construct a panel data
in which we keep track of geographical and job mobilities. Our estimation
results deliver the following major findings. (1) The sample individuals are
highly mobile. Job quits and relocations are frequent and they are closely
correlated. We find that job hopping to be highly productive as our estimates
indicate each job quit generates more than .2 log increase in monthly wage. (2)
The migrant disadvantage in urban labor market is compensated by their higher
job mobility. After four jobs, the expected earnings differentials essentially
disappear. We also find that migration and job mobility are highly selective
processes. Our evidence indicates that the migrants are positively selected.
(3) Job and location mobilities are highly dependent upon family back ground
and personal traits which we interpret as representing unobservable
characteristics associated with risk taking,
active and optimistic personality, as well as the implied economic incentives
to migrate and keep searching for better jobs.
Keywords: wage growth, migration, school to work transition
JEL: J31
8. The Theory of Interhybridity: Socio-political Dimensions and
Migration Experiences of Post-communist Western Balkan States
Date: 2013-01-25
By: Aliu, Armando
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:44056&r=mig
The Western Balkans integration within the EU has started a legal process which
is the rejection of former communist legal/political approaches and the
transformation of former communist institutions. Indeed, the EU agenda has
brought vertical/horizontal integration and Europeanization of national
institutions (i.e. shifting power to the EU institutions and international
authorities). At this point, it is very crucial to emphasize the fact that the
Western Balkans as a whole region has currently an image that includes
characteristics of both the Soviet socialism and the European democracy. The EU
foreign policies and enlargement strategy for Western Balkans have significant
effects on four core factors (i.e. Schengen visa regulations, remittances,
asylum and migration as an aggregate process). The convergence/divergence of EU
member states’ priorities for migration policies regulate and even shape
directly the migration dynamics in migrant sender
countries. From this standpoint, the research explores how main migration
factors are influenced by political and judicial factors such as; rule of law
and democracy score, the economic liberation score, political and human rights,
civil society score and citizenship rights in Western Balkan countries. The
proposal of interhybridity explores how the hybridization of state and
non-state actors within home and host countries can solve labor
migration-related problems. Indisputably, hybrid model (i.e. collaboration
state and non-state actors) has a catalyst role in terms of balancing social
problems and civil society needs. Paradigmatically, it is better to perceive
the hybrid model as a combination of communicative and strategic action that
means the reciprocal recognition within the model is precondition for
significant functionality. This will shape social and industrial relations with
moral meanings of communication.
Keywords: Interhybridity; Migration; Politics; Western Balkans
JEL: F22
9. The Impacts of Social Networks on Immigrants’ Employment Prospects:
The Spanish Case 1997-2007
Date: 2013-01
By: Luciana Méndez Errico (Departament d'Economia Aplicada, Universitat
Autonoma de Barcelona)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea1301&r=mig
This paper studies the extent to which social networks influence the employment
stability and wages of immigrants in Spain. By doing so, I consider an aspect
that has not been previously addressed in the empirical literature, namely the
connection between immigrants’ social networks and labor market outcomes in
Spain. For this purpose, I use micro-data from the National Immigrant Survey
carried out in 2007. The analysis is conducted in two stages. First, the impact
of social networks on the probability of keeping the first job obtained in
Spain is studied through a multinomial logit regression. Second, quantile
regressions are used to estimate a wage equation. The empirical results suggest
that once the endogeneity problem has been accounted for, immigrants’ social
networks influence their labor market outcomes. On arrival, immigrants
experience a mismatch in the labor market. In addition, different effects of
social networks on wages by gender and
wage distribution are found. While contacts on arrival and informal job access
mechanisms positively influence women’s wages, a wage penalty is observed for
men.
Keywords: Immigration, Labor market, Social Networks, Quantile regression,
Semi-parametric estimations
JEL: J15
10. The Determinants of International Migration in the European Union:
An Empirical Analysis
Date: 2013-01
By: Ekaterina Sprenger (ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics)
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ost:wpaper:325&r=mig
This paper empirically investigates the determinants of migration between 21
developed countries which are members of the EU and the OECD. Using data on
migration flows over the period 2000–2009, the paper examines the impact of
traditional economic variables such as income and unemployment differentials,
geographical and demographic factors. It also examines the effect of cultural
differences on the mobility patterns in the EU before and after the 2004
enlargement round.
11. The European Crisis and Migration to Germany: Expectations and the
Diversion of Migration Flows
Date: 2013-01
By: Simone Bertoli
Herbert Brücker
Jesus Fernández-Huertas Moraga
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaddt:2013-03&r=mig
The analys is of how the economic crisis in Europe has reshaped migration flows
faces two challenges: (i)the confounding influence of correlated changes in the
attractiveness of alternative destinations, and (ii)the role of rapidly
changing expectations about the evolution of the economic conditions in various
countries. This paper addresses the first challenge by controlling for
multilateral resistance to migration, and the second one by incorporating
10-year bond yields as an explanatory variable in a study of European bilateral
migration flows to Germany between 2006 and 2012. We show that, while
expectations and current economic conditions at origin are signicant
determinants of migration, diversion effects account for 78 percent of the
observed increase in German gross migrationin ows.
12. International migration, human capital formation, and saving
Date: 2013
By: Stark, Oded
Dorn, Agnieszka
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:49&r=mig
In the model of Stark et al. (1997, 1998), the possibility of employment in a
developed country raises the level of human capital acquired by workers in the
developing country. We show that this result holds even when workers have the
option to save. --
Keywords: Human capital formation,Savings,Intertemporal choice,Prospect of
migrating
JEL: D91
13. Return Migration of Foreign Students
Date: 2013-01
By: Govert Bijwaard (Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI))
Qi Wang (Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI))
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nor:wpaper:2013005&r=mig
Using unique administrative micro panel data, this paper presents a
comprehensive empirical analysis of the return of recent foreign students in
The Netherlands. The life course experiences of these students in the host,
both on the labour market and in marriage formation, impact their decision to
leave. Using a ”timing-of-events” model we estimate the impact of these
processes on the return intensity. The model allows for correlated unobserved
heterogeneity across the migration, the labour market and the marriage
formation processes. The large size of the data permits us to stratify the
analysis by five groups based on the country of birth. The empirical analyses
reveal that employment induces students to stay and unemployment induces them
to leave. Forming a family in The Netherlands makes the students more prone to
stay. The size of the impact of these life course experiences on return differs
by age at entry and gender.
Keywords: student migration, timing of events method, labour dynamics,
marriage.
JEL: F22
________________________________
This nep–mig issue is ©2013 by Yuji Tamura. It is provided as is without any
express or implied warranty. It may be freely redistributed in whole or in part
for any purpose. If distributed in part, it must include this copyright notice.
It may not be sold, or placed in something else for sale.
General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org/.
For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director
@ nep point repec point org >.
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