[colombiamigra] Fw: The Top 10 Migration Issues in 2012--Migration Information Source 12/4/12
- From: william mejia <wmejia8a@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: "colombiamigra@xxxxxxxxxxxxx" <colombiamigra@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Tue, 4 Dec 2012 08:42:21 -0800 (PST)
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December 4, 2012
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New From MPI Transnational Crime in Mexico and Central America: Its Evolution
and Role in International Migration
By Steven Dudley
The growth of organized crime in Mexico and Central America has dramatically
increased the risks that migrants face as they attempt to cross the region.
Encountering rising threats posed by Mexican drug traffickers, Central
American gangs, and corrupt government officials, migrants increasingly are
forced to seek the assistance of intermediaries known as polleros, or
“coyotes.” Those unable to afford a coyote are more likely to be abused or
kidnapped, and held for ransom along the way.
Engaging the Asian Diaspora
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias and Kathleen Newland
This brief explores how governments in Asia are facilitating diaspora
contributions, including creation of conducive legal frameworks and
diaspora-centered institutions to initiation of programs that specifically
target diasporas as development actors. The authors detail a number of
legislative proposals geared at diasporas, including flexible citizenship
laws and visa arrangements, political and property rights, and reduced income
tax rates.
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1. Migration Flows Rise, Diversify as Global Economy Stumbles Toward Recovery
- Migration flows that were stalled for a period by the pronounced recession
that began in 2008 have resumed to a number of OECD countries, including the
United States where there appears to be a slight increase in Mexican migration
for the first time in several years. More migrants seem to be choosing
emerging economies, including Brazil, China, and South Africa, over traditional
destinations.
2. Obama Administration Action Benefitting DREAMers a Game-Changer in US
Immigration Debate - The Obama administration in 2012 sidestepped the
legislative gridlock that has existed in Washington for more than a decade
over immigration policymaking and reframed the debate in a significant way with
the launch of a program that provides a two-year reprieve from deportation for
eligible unauthorized immigrants who were brought to the United States as
children.
3. Anti-Immigrant Rhetoric Just One of Several Campaign Messages for
Far-Right Parties - The electoral fortunes of far-right parties, a number of
which campaigned using anti-immigrant messages, varied during 2012, with
notable albeit small advances for Greece's extremist Golden Dawn party. For the
most part, however, extreme-right politicians continue to struggle to build
sizeable support; and in Europe, the anti-immigration discourse has been
overshadowed by anti-Brussels rhetoric and anger over high unemployment and
austerity measures.
4. Forced Migration: No Resolution in Sight for Syrians, Violent Outbreaks
Displace Thousands across African Continent - More than 465,800 Syrians were
registered as refugees during 2012 or were awaiting assistance, and another
2.5 million Syrians were internally displaced as a result of the prolonged
armed conflict. On the African continent, difficult humanitarian situations
also were unfolding.
5. The Stars May Be Aligning for Break in Long-Running Stalemate over Major
US Immigration Policy Reform - Reform of the US immigration system has been an
elusive goal for more than a decade. But as 2012 draws to a close, it appears
that substantive reform could be back on the agenda in 2013 for the Obama
administration and Congress, powered there in significant measure by election
results that held a message for both political parties. Even before the
election, however, there were some signs of an emerging thaw.
6. 2012 Proved a Year of Migration Management Headaches in the European Union
- In 2012, significant challenges to existing EU policy, from Schengen to the
Common European Asylum System, have constituted the chief concerns for
migration management for both EU Member States and the European Commission.
Beyond EU borders, there will be additional pressure for the European Union
to offer a more concerted humanitarian response to the Syrian refugee crisis
affecting Europe's neighbor Turkey in 2013.
7. Governments Crack Down on Student Visa Fraud - The United States, United
Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada remain top destinations for international
students seeking a world-class education. Yet even as these countries and their
universities recruit international students — both for their tuition fees and
their brain power — they undertook efforts in 2012 to crack down on student
visa fraud and some also sought to tighten entry requirements. Other top
student destinations, however, are focused on using their visa policy to
actively encourage student retention.
8. Major Immigration Countries Take a Crack at Addressing Thorny Issue of
Immigrant Detention - The US and Australian governments have long grappled
with unwanted entries by unauthorized migrants and would-be asylum seekers.
Both nations undertook efforts in 2012 to reform immigration detention policies
and procedures that have generated significant scrutiny and criticism.
9. International Student Mobility Rises, and Countries Seek to Capitalize -
More students crossed borders in 2012 than ever before. A number of countries
have entered the student mobility game in a significant way, including Brazil
and Saudi Arabia, whose governments recently extended programs investing in
scholarships for study abroad. And Asia, a long-standing international
student source, is now emerging as a destination for those seeking higher
education.
10. As Migration of Unaccompanied Minors Endures, and in Some Cases Rises,
Governments Seek to Respond - Arrivals of unaccompanied minors to the United
States surged during 2012, straining the child custody system. While the
flows of unaccompanied child migrants to Europe remained stable, the European
Union continues to grapple with policies regarding the treatment of this
uniquely vulnerable population.
Editor's Note
I am pleased to share with you today the Top 10 Migration Issues of 2012, our
eighth annual Top 10 edition!
Having joined MPI only a few months ago, this project was a great opportunity
to work closely with MPI policy analysts to identify and investigate noteworthy
developments in migration occurring around the world in 2012. And this year,
we’ve sought to frame the issues within a forward-looking lens — with an eye to
the emerging trends rolling into 2013.
Syria, the scene of an armed conflict that has caused tens of thousands of
civilian casualties and forced hundreds of thousands to flee the country or
move elsewhere within it, remains the humanitarian crisis to watch as a new
year is poised to begin.
Greece’s far-right party Golden Dawn, which campaigned on an explicitly
anti-immigrant platform, jolted public attention in 2012 by gaining a
first-ever electoral foothold in Parliament, but elsewhere it seems far-right
nationalist parties may be muting the anti-immigration message in their
platforms.
And significant challenges lie ahead for EU Member States and the European
Commission, not only relating to Schengen and the Common European Asylum System
but also a more concerted humanitarian response to the Syrian refugee crisis
affecting Europe’s neighbor, Turkey.
I would also like to take this opportunity to showcase the November Policy
Beat. In US Election Realigns Stars for Immigration Reform, But Significant
Hurdles Remain, MPI’s Muzaffar Chishti and Claire Bergeron report on the new
momentum for – and significant obstacles to – passing a broad, systemic
immigration bill in the 113th Congress. It also reports on delays in the
creation of a racial profiling statistical monitoring tool for Secure
Communities, an increase in Mexican asylum seekers, and updated figures on the
Obama administration’s deportation relief program for unauthorized immigrants
brought to the United States as children.
It has been a pleasure to share with you these reflections on 2012 as we step
onto the threshold of 2013.
***
Best regards,
Amber French
Editor, Migration Information Source
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